{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T23:08:22Z","timestamp":1776121702663,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In recent years, the role of healthy dietary patterns\u2014particularly the\n                        Mediterranean diet\u2014has been increasingly investigated in the prevention and\n                        management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its associated\n                        complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern\n                        (MedDiet) adopted prior to conception or early in gestation on GDM and its\n                        association with maternal and fetal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted, including randomized and\n                        non-randomized clinical trials. Data were collected from Biblioteca Virtual\n                        em Sa\u00fade (BVS), PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases for articles\n                        published between 2015 and 2025. The review protocol was registered in\n                        PROSPERO under the registration number CRD420251008611.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The average incidence of GDM was lower in the MedDiet group (15.2%) compared\n                        to the control group (18.5%), suggesting a beneficial effect of the\n                        intervention. There was also a reduction in urinary tract infection rates\n                        (6.8% vs. 14.9%) and in the incidence of hypertension\/preeclampsia (6.9% vs.\n                        9.5%) in the intervention group. Cesarean section rates were similar between\n                        groups, with minor variations. Regarding neonatal outcomes, birthweight was\n                        slightly higher in the MedDiet group, and the incidence of\n                        small-for-gestational-age newborns was lower, reflecting an overall\n                        favorable effect on neonatal growth patterns. The rate of preterm birth was\n                        also lower in the intervention group, as was perinatal mortality in some\n                        studies. The need for neonatal intensive care unit admission varied across\n                        studies, with a trend toward reduction in the MedDiet group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The Mediterranean diet appears to be effective in reducing the incidence of\n                        GDM and improving maternal and fetal outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2748-7385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:08:02Z","timestamp":1764374882000},"page":"94-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Gestational Diabetes\n                    Mellitus and Its Association with Maternal-Fetal Outcomes: A Systematic Review\n                    of Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"230","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4245-1227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Almeida das","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine,\n                    Federal University of Sao Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7707-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Vit\u00f3ria Almeida das Chagas","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Integral Differential Faculty (FACID),\n                    Teresina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4728-9318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ros\u00e2ngela Maria Lopes","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Ceuma University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds,\n                    Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6694-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Yano","family":"Callado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein Israelite College of Health Sciences,\n                    Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Araujo J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine,\n                    Federal University of Sao Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Discipline of Woman Health, Municipal University of S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul\n                    (USCS), S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1405-5371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosiane","family":"Mattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine,\n                    Federal University of Sao Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S002","article-title":"Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of care in\n                    diabetes-2023","volume":"46","author":"N A ElSayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7217","article-title":"Trends in gestational diabetes at first live birth by race and ethnicity in the\n               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Pract"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac003","article-title":"A clinical update on gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"43","author":"A Sweeting","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1112","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study: Associations with\n                    neonatal anthropometrics","volume":"58","author":"B E Metzger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac154","article-title":"Effect of a ketogenic diet versus Mediterranean diet on glycated hemoglobin in\n                    individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The interventional\n                    Keto-Med randomized crossover trial","volume":"116","author":"C D Gardner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2020_513","article-title":"The role of the Mediterranean dietary pattern on metabolic control of patients\n                    with diabetes mellitus: A narrative review","volume":"1307","author":"JA G Tosatti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082236","article-title":"Mediterranean diet effects on type 2 diabetes prevention, disease progression,\n                    and related mechanisms: A review","volume":"12","author":"S Mart\u00edn-Pel\u00e1ez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020405","article-title":"Dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with the risk of gestational\n                    diabetes mellitus: Evidence from a Chinese prospective birth cohort study","volume":"11","author":"J Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.03.006","article-title":"Adherence to the DASH and Mediterranean diets is associated with decreased risk\n                    for gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"32","author":"V Izadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061210","article-title":"Effectiveness of following Mediterranean diet recommendations in the real world\n                    in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse\n                    maternal-foetal outcomes: The St Carlos Study","volume":"11","author":"N G de la Torre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665110001539","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of the Mediterranean diet: the experience of the\n     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complications: the\n                    Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health","volume":"104","author":"D A Schoenaker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091234","article-title":"Effect of adherence to a Mediterranean diet and olive oil intake during\n                    pregnancy on risk of small for gestational age infants","volume":"10","author":"J M Mart\u00ednez-Galiano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-017-0592-y","article-title":"Epigenetic effects of the pregnancy Mediterranean diet adherence on the\n                    offspring metabolic syndrome markers","volume":"73","author":"D Lorite Mingot","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.92","article-title":"Maternal diets with low healthy eating index or Mediterranean diet adherence\n                    scores are associated with high cord-blood insulin levels and insulin resistance\n                    markers at birth","volume":"66","author":"E Gesteiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.177","article-title":"Relation of the Mediterranean diet with the incidence of gestational\n                    diabetes","volume":"68","author":"B Karamanos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"JA C Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0185873","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185873","article-title":"A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios\n                    reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): The St. Carlos GDM\n                    prevention study","volume":"12","author":"C Assaf-Balut","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002857","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002857","article-title":"Mediterranean-style diet in pregnant women with metabolic risk factors (ESTEEM):\n                    A pragmatic multicentre randomised trial","volume":"16","author":"BH A Wattar","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.20178","article-title":"Effects of Mediterranean diet or mindfulness-based stress reduction on\n                    prevention of small-for-gestational age birth weights in newborns born to\n                    at-risk pregnant individuals: The IMPACT BCN Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"326","author":"F Crovetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.08.010","article-title":"Does a MediDiet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduce the\n                    incidence of gestational diabetes?","volume":"28","author":"L Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2023.07.006","article-title":"The PREDG study: A randomised controlled trial testing whether an educational\n                    intervention can prevent gestational weight gain in women with obesity","volume":"57","author":"B Barquiel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091499","article-title":"An early, universal Mediterranean diet-based intervention in pregnancy reduces\n                    cardiovascular risk factors in the 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Melero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14874","article-title":"Effect of Mediterranean diet or mindfulness-based stress reduction during\n                    pregnancy on placental volume and perfusion: A subanalysis of the IMPACT BCN\n                    randomized clinical trial","volume":"103","author":"A Nakaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16142206","article-title":"Early Mediterranean-based nutritional intervention reduces the rate of\n                    gestational diabetes in overweight and obese pregnant women: A post-hoc analysis\n                    of the San Carlos Gestational Prevention Study","volume":"16","author":"R Mart\u00edn-O\u2019Connor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1790","article-title":"The hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome study: Associations of GDM and\n                    obesity with pregnancy outcomes","volume":"35","author":"P M Catalano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000314","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2016-000314","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus treatment reduces obesity-induced adverse\n                    pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: The St. Carlos gestational study","volume":"4","author":"C Assaf-Balut","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002087","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002087","article-title":"Effects of saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and\n                    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necrosis factor-\u03b1, leptin, and\n                    adiponectin in gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"2014","author":"J Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051098","article-title":"The impact of Mediterranean dietary patterns during pregnancy on maternal and\n                    offspring health","volume":"11","author":"F Amati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"314","volume-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and Mediterranean diet principles. 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The Mediterranean Diet: An Evidence-Based Approach. 2nd\n                    ed","author":"C Assaf-Balut","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061210","article-title":"Effectiveness of following Mediterranean diet recommendations in the real world\n                    in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse\n                    maternal-foetal outcomes: The St Carlos study","volume":"11","author":"N Garcia de la Torre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507832934","article-title":"Significance of olive oil in the host immune resistance to infection","volume":"98","author":"M A Puertollano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2021.10.007","article-title":"Systematic review of lifestyle interventions for gestational diabetes mellitus\n                    in pregnancy and the postpartum period","volume":"51","author":"S Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12682","article-title":"Associations of dietetic management with maternal and neonatal health outcomes\n                    in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"32","author":"G Absalom","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2748-7385.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T22:32:51Z","timestamp":1776119571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2748-7385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2748-7385","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0948-2393","1439-1651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0948-2393","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-1651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]}}}