{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T23:04:25Z","timestamp":1784329465239,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the effect of plate\u2013bone distance and screw number on 2.0-mm locking compression plate (LCP) torsional stiffness and plate strain for a fixed working length in a diaphyseal fracture gap model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In vitro biomechanical study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The LCP was tested with nine different combinations of plate\u2013bone distance (PBD) (1, 1.5, and 3\u2009mm) and screw number (SN) (two, three, or four screws per fragment) across the same working length. Six replicates per group were tested. Constructs were subjected to quasi-static, non-destructive torsion producing overall construct stiffness data (Nm\/degree). Plate surface strain data were recorded from three-dimensional digital image correlation during testing for all constructs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A greater PBD and a low SN resulted in lower construct stiffness (p\u2009=\u20090.015, and P\u2009&gt;\u20090.0001, respectively) in torsion. Across all PBD, there was significantly less stiffness for constructs with two screws per fragment, compared with three screws or four screws. No significant difference was detected in plate strain for any combination of PBD and SN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this model, incrementally increasing the PBD and decreasing the SN resulted in less construct stiffness in torsion, with marked reduction in torsional stiffness in constructs with two screws per fragment compared with three or four screws per fragment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2749-6666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:14:18Z","timestamp":1764634458000},"page":"241-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Plate\u2013Bone Distance and Screw Number on 2.0-mm Locking Construct Torsional Stiffness and Plate Strain in a Diaphyseal Fracture Gap Model"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Alecia","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Animal Hospital at Murdoch University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1433-7694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Glyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Animal Hospital at Murdoch University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselle","family":"Hosgood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Animal Hospital at Murdoch University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Technology Management Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2019.08.009","article-title":"Biomechanics of fracture fixation","volume":"50","author":"S Roe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfatigue.2014.09.010","article-title":"Fatigue crack initiation and crystallographic growth in 316L stainless steel","volume":"70","author":"M Sistaninia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Fatigue"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(18)30296-1","article-title":"Pre-operative planning for fracture fixation using locking plates: device configuration and other considerations","volume":"49","author":"A R MacLeod","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.09.026","article-title":"Guidelines for the clinical application of the LCP","volume":"34","author":"E Gautier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"S 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distance between bone and implant significantly reduce construct stability?","volume":"38","author":"M Ahmad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1668084","article-title":"Biomechanical properties of the 1.5\u2009mm locking compression plate: comparison with the 1.5 and 2.0\u2009mm straight plates in compression and torsion","volume":"31","author":"G K Watrous","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of plate\u2013bone distance and working length on 2.0-mm locking construct stiffness and plate strain in a diaphyseal fracture gap model: a biomechanical study","volume":"37","author":"A Evans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.05.019","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation 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Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.16.2000078","article-title":"Fracture fixation with two locking screws versus three non-locking screws: a biomechanical comparison in a normal and an osteoporotic bone model","volume":"1","author":"B Grawe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2013.09.005","article-title":"Simulation-based particle swarm optimization and mechanical validation of screw position and number for the fixation stability of a femoral locking compression plate","volume":"36","author":"C H Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-14-06-0093","article-title":"The effect of intramedullary pin size and monocortical screw configuration on locking compression plate-rod constructs in an in 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plate-rod constructs under axial load","volume":"29","author":"T Pearson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000860","article-title":"Implant material, type of fixation at the shaft, and position of plate modify biomechanics of distal femur plate osteosynthesis","volume":"31","author":"U Kandemir","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1384-1","article-title":"Stiffness of the locking compression plate as an external fixator for treating distal tibial fractures: a biomechanics study","volume":"18","author":"W Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199601000-00002","article-title":"A comparative biomechanical evaluation of a 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