{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:45:40Z","timestamp":1791229540027,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009879","name":"Regione Emilia-Romagna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FIN-RER_BU_2020_38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIN-RER_BU_2020_38"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Colonoscopy efficacy for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention is limited by inappropriate or over- prescription. Colonoscopy appropriateness prioritization (CAP) criteria have recently been proposed, but their role in CRC risk stratification remains unclear. The study objective was to derive and validate a predictive model for CRC taking account of CAP criteria, and to assess CRC occurrence in the light of appropriateness of colonoscopies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In a prospective observational study across 19 Italian centers, including adults undergoing colonoscopy outside CRC screening programs, three cohorts were analyzed for derivation, temporal validation, and geographic validation of the model. CRC risk was estimated by multivariable logistic regression. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), and two risk groups were defined: low-risk (&lt;5%) and high-risk (\u22655%). Number-needed-to-scope (NNS) was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The derivation and temporal and geographic validation, cohorts included 2059, 1321, and 1924 patients, respectively, with CRC prevalence 3.6%, 3.9%, and 3%, respectively. CRC was more frequent in appropriate versus inappropriate colonoscopies. The PROMOTE model included: ages 50\u201359 (odds ratio [OR] 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64\u20135.59), 60\u201369 (OR 3.87, 95%CI 1.40\u201310.71), and \u226570 (OR 5.35, 95%CI 2.04\u201314.06), versus &lt;50; no colonoscopy in previous 10 years (OR 2.92, 95%CI 1.62\u20135.25); according to CAP criteria, deferrable (OR 3.44, 95%CI 1.42\u20138.34) and urgent (OR 16.12, 95%CI 7.15\u201336.36) versus nonurgent. Discrimination was good (AUROC 0.84, 95%CI 0.79\u20130.89). NNS was 8\u20139 in the high-risk group and 67\u201371 in the low-risk group across validation cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We developed and validated the PROMOTE model, a simple tool to estimate CRC risk before colonoscopy, to support appropriate referral, optimize prioritization, and improve resource use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2751-2956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T23:59:18Z","timestamp":1765497558000},"page":"397-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development of the PROMOTE model to stratify colorectal cancer risk for prioritization of colonoscopy resource use: a multicenter prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7084-6157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Frazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Diseases, AUSL della Romagna, Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Spada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5319-588X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianpiero","family":"Manes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Aziende Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Rhodense, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Unit, AUSL della Romagna, Forl\u00ec-Cesena Hospitals, Forl\u00ec-Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL della Romagna, Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8140-4223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mussetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0818-7167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helga","family":"Bertani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3705-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franco","family":"Radaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Unit, Valduce Hospital, Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9084-6504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesare","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1797-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant\u2019Andrea, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2107-2156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Facciorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Dinis-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin J.","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8618-2447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Fuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"and the PROMOTE Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.08.041","article-title":"Patterns of endoscopy in the United States: analysis of data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the National Endoscopic Database","volume":"67","author":"A Sonnenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1859-3726","article-title":"Reducing the environmental footprint of gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) Position Statement","volume":"54","author":"E Rodr\u00edguez de Santiago","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.01.011","article-title":"Appropriate use of GI endoscopy","volume":"75","author":"DS Early","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2010.00192","article-title":"Bayes\u2019 rule for clinicians: An introduction","volume":"1","author":"CF Westbury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1119643","article-title":"Appropriateness of colonoscopy in Europe (EPAGE II). 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