{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:23:06Z","timestamp":1775089386609,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Padiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in children and adolescents. While most patients achieve good control with guideline-based treatment, a significant proportion experience persistent symptoms, frequent exacerbations, and impaired quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This guideline aims to define severe and difficult-to-treat asthma in children and adolescents, support diagnostic precision, and provide practical, evidence-based recommendations for assessment and management, including biological therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The S1 guideline was developed under the coordination of the German Society for Pediatric Pulmonology following AWMF procedures. A structured consensus process involving experts from pediatric pulmonology, allergology, and general pediatrics was conducted. Existing national and international guidelines and new evidence were systematically reviewed and adapted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Key elements include a stepwise diagnostic algorithm to distinguish difficult-to-treat from truly severe asthma, guidance on assessing adherence, comorbidities, and inflammation biomarkers, and recommendations for targeted biological treatment. This guideline addresses monitoring tools, transition to adult care, and the role of rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Children and adolescents with severe asthma require early referral to specialized centers and a structured, interdisciplinary approach. Personalized treatment strategies\u2014including biologics\u2014should be guided by phenotyping and biomarkers. Registry data are essential to improve care quality and generate real-world evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2752-7457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:59:45Z","timestamp":1767787185000},"page":"65-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Severe Asthma in Children and Adolescents: an AWMF Guideline by the German Society for Pediatric Pulmonology"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Eckard","family":"Hamelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bethel Children Center - Department of Pediatrics,\n               Protestant Hospital Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany"},{"name":"University Hospital OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld,\n               Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Schorlemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bethel Children's Center, Protestant Hospital Bethel,\n               Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Derichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, KinderPneumologieDerichs,\n               Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernst","family":"Eber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz,\n               Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gerstlauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for children and adolescents, University Hospital\n               Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"pulmonology, University Children's Hospital Z\u00fcrich,\n               Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kabesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent\n               Medicine, Barmherzige Br\u00fcder Klinik St Hedwig Regensburg, Regensburg,\n               Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1989-5492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias Volkmar","family":"Kopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Pediatrics, Inselspital\n               Universitatsspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pediatrics with a focus on pneumology,\n               immunology, and intensive care medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Hospital Berlin,\n               Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Lex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine-\n               Paediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pneumology, University\n               Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, Gottingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology, University Children's Hospital Z\u00fcrich,\n               Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Schaub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Hospital,\n               Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolaus","family":"Schwerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric pulmonology and neonatology, Hannover Medical\n               School, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Spindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Care Center GmbH, Friedrichshafen Hospital,\n               Friedrichshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Taube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital\n               Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Vogelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, University Hospital Carl Gustav\n               Carus, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Zacharasiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vienna Healthcare Group -\n               Campus Ottakring Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Zielen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Respiratory Diseases, Medaimun GmbH, Frankfurt,\n               Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University\n               Hospital of D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Gappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Evangelical Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Medical\n               Clinic, D\u00fcsseldorf, 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Pneumologie. 2023 Aug; 77(8):461\u2013543. German. doi: 10.1055\/a-2070-2135. 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