{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:47:41Z","timestamp":1776725261619,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Background This study investigates whether the myopia control efficacy of Peripheral Defocus spectacle lenses (PDL), as established in controlled trials, holds true in a real-world clinical environment.<\/jats:p>\n Patients and Methods This single centre, retrospective study analysed clinical records from the University Eye Hospital Basel (2019\u200a\u2013\u200a2024). Patients included had myopia diagnosis, had undergone at least three axial eye length measurements (approximately at 6, 12 and 18 months after starting therapy), and were treated with either PDL or Single Vision (SV) spectacle lenses exclusively, with no concurrent myopia treatments (e.g., atropine or contact lenses). Axial elongation and spherical equivalent (SE) were compared using independent t-tests. Statistical significance was set at p\u2009<\u2009.05.<\/jats:p>\n Results Of 177 patients, 30 were treated with PDL and 37 with SV lenses. Compared to SV lenses, PDL lenses significantly reduced axial elongation over 6, 12, and 18 months. At 6 months, average axial elongation in the left eye was 0.024\u2009mm (CI: 0.007\u200a\u2013\u200a0.041) in the PDL group compared to 0.101\u2009mm (CI: 0.082\u200a\u2013\u200a0.140) in the SV group (p\u2009=\u20090.005); in the right eye, \u2212\u20090.003\u2009mm (CI: \u2212\u20090.040\u200a\u2013\u200a0.034) vs. 0.112\u2009mm (CI: 0.081\u200a\u2013\u200a0.143) (p\u2009<\u20090.001). At 12 months, average axial elongation in the left eye was 0.088\u2009mm (CI: 0.036\u200a\u2013\u200a0.140) with PDL vs. 0.167\u2009mm (CI: 0.119\u200a\u2013\u200a0.215) with SV (p\u2009<\u20090.05); in the right eye 0.080\u2009mm (CI: 0.029\u200a\u2013\u200a0.131) vs. 0.191\u2009mm (CI: 0.146\u200a\u2013\u200a0.236) (p\u2009<\u20090.005).<\/jats:p>\n At 18 months, left eye elongation was 0.110\u2009mm (CI: 0.028\u200a\u2013\u200a0.192) with PDL vs. 0.229\u2009mm (CI: 0.182\u200a\u2013\u200a0.276) with SV; right eye 0.078\u2009mm (CI: 0.008\u200a\u2013\u200a0.148) vs. 0.254\u2009mm (CI: 0.208\u200a\u2013\u200a0.300) (p\u2009<\u20090.001 for both).<\/jats:p>\n No significant differences in SE were observed at 6 or 12 months. A significant difference in right eye SE was noted at 18 months (p\u2009=\u20090.044); however, no consistent trend emerged.<\/jats:p>\n Discussion This study confirms that PDL lenses significantly reduce myopic axial elongation compared to SV lenses in a real-world clinical setting. These results reinforce prior controlled trial findings and support the clinical adoption of PDL for effective myopia management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2761-3380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:01:05Z","timestamp":1769040065000},"page":"520-523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Efficacy of Periphheral Defocus Versus Single Vision Spectacles in Myopia Progression Control"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"243","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0404-4957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Schibli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4062-4814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Palmowski-Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"B A Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004916.pub4","article-title":"Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children","author":"J J Walline","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13548","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of different (peripheral defocus based) spectacle designs in preventing myopia progression: A double-blinded randomised clinical trial","volume":"45","author":"V Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.0401","article-title":"Spectacle Lenses With Aspherical Lenslets for Myopia Control vs. Single-Vision Spectacle Lenses: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"140","author":"J Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S541232","article-title":"Efficacy of Spectacle Correction Using Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments in the Myopic Population","volume":"19","author":"M Zakova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2025-327629","article-title":"Efficacy of spectacle lenses for myopia control: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","author":"L D\u02bcAndrea","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.4009","article-title":"Association of Axial Length With Risk of Uncorrectable Visual Impairment for Europeans With Myopia","volume":"134","author":"J WL Tideman","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.032","article-title":"The Risks and Benefits of Myopia Control","volume":"128","author":"M A Bullimore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32700-7","article-title":"Long-term myopia control effect and safety in children wearing DIMS spectacle lenses for 6 years","volume":"13","author":"C SY Lam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13603","article-title":"Axial length growth and the risk of developing myopia in European children","volume":"96","author":"J WL Tideman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2761-3380.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:35:27Z","timestamp":1776724527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2761-3380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2761-3380","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3999","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]}}}