{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:21:47Z","timestamp":1785892907781,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"08","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thromb Haemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thrombosis drives substantial global mortality across atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and atherosclerosis. However, clinical scores treat risk as a static variable and omit evolving comorbidities, functional biomarkers, anatomy, and treatment exposure, leading to misclassification and preventable events. This statement advances a unified scientific agenda for patient-specific digital twins that dynamically integrate multimodal longitudinal data with mechanistic insight to predict thrombogenesis risks. We position these digital twins as hybrid models anchored in physics and data-driven algorithms that can simulate disease progression and therapy. The goal of this approach is to refine stroke and bleeding estimation beyond current clinical rules. Continuous updating from imaging data, laboratory test results, wearables, and electronic health records supports dynamic risk trajectories and adaptive care pathways, facilitating continuous risk reassessment. This statement analyzes gaps in data quality, calibration, validation, and uncertainty quantification that presently limit the clinical translation of this technology. Research priorities are then proposed for multiscale thrombosis modelling, physics-informed learning, probabilistic forecasting, and regulatory-compliant data stewardship. Finally, we outline translation to in silico trials, regulatory alignment, and hospital workflows that link predictions to decisions. By articulating shared challenges across thrombosis-driven diseases and reframing risk as a time-varying measurable quantity, this statement lays a foundation for developing digital twin approaches that support a shift from population heuristics towards precise, timely thrombosis care. These advances are essential for translating digital twin technology from research to clinical practice, enabling dynamic risk prediction and personalized anticoagulation therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2761-5903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:48:04Z","timestamp":1770684484000},"page":"775-794","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Digital Twins for Predictive Modelling of Thrombosis and Stroke Risk: Current Approaches and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Adelaide","family":"de Vecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Cavarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"del Alamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wahbi","family":"El-Bouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Horng-Shing Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Artificial Intelligence Academy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7118-7818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Melidoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheim","family":"Ogbomo-Harmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Olier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"},{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9927-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Ortega-Martorell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Research Centre, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"},{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rushad","family":"Patell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LABS, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Volpert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Camille Jordan, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory Y. 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