{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:09:25Z","timestamp":1773382165643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polypharmacy has an important role in psychiatry, as the kidney function can\n                        be affected by medication. Risperidone is metabolized hepatically to\n                        9-hydroxyrisperidone and excreted renally. Here, we study how serum\n                        concentrations of risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone and active moiety\n                        (risperidone+9-hydroxyrisperidone) are related to impairment of kidney\n                        function and potentially interacting comedications that affect renal\n                        functions ((1) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, (2)\n                        angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin II receptor blockers,\n                        and (3) diuretics).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this retrospective study, data from risperidone-treated inpatients\n                        (2015\u20132020, n=517) at the University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg were\n                        analyzed. Routine therapeutic drug monitoring was performed at trough levels\n                        at a steady-state. Groups were compared by means of the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test.\n                        To correct for confounding parameters, additional multiple linear regression\n                        modeling was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>After correction for age, sex, body mass index and the respective\n                        interaction between the estimated glomerular filtration rate and the number\n                        of interacting drugs, the dose-corrected serum concentration of\n                        9-hydroxyrisperidone and the active moiety of risperidone were positively\n                        associated with the number of interacting drugs. The active moiety was\n                        negatively associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our data suggest that renal functions and the number of interacting drugs\n                        influence the pharmacokinetics of risperidone. Previous studies often\n                        explained the increasing serum concentration with age as a surrogate,\n                        whereas our results suggest that the kidney function and comedication\n                        affecting kidney function might be more relevant. When prescribing\n                        risperidone, especially in patients with renal impairment or co-medicated\n                        with interacting drugs, we suggest to start with lower starting doses and\n                        recommend monitoring serum concentrations to prevent overdosing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2764-4939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T23:43:58Z","timestamp":1773359038000},"page":"66-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Kidney Function and Cardiovascular and\n                    Anti-Inflammatory Comedications on the Serum Concentration of Risperidone under\n                    Naturalistic Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Meike","family":"Kohler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre of\n                    Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Deckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre of\n                    Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry,\n                    Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre of\n                    Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Unterecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre of\n                    Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Foundation Bamberg,\n                    Teaching Hospital of the University of Erlangen, Bamberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4780-612X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maike","family":"Scherf-Clavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre of\n                    Mental Health, University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-016-0736-z","article-title":"Clinical response in a risperidone-medicated naturalistic sample: 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Res"}],"container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2764-4939.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T23:44:18Z","timestamp":1773359058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2764-4939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2764-4939","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0176-3679","1439-0795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0176-3679","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]}}}