{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T23:17:38Z","timestamp":1778887058546,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Homeopathic medicines are prepared through potentization, in which succussion is an integral part. Succussion generates \u201ctop-down\u201d nanoparticles (NPs), even at dilutions beyond Avogadro's number. Natrium muriaticum is a medicine derived from common table salt and is commonly prescribed clinically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the presence and structural characteristics of NPs in ethanolic Natrium muriaticum across potencies from 4C to 200C using scientific parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Natrium muriaticum potencies were prepared from sodium chloride as per the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India by a GMP-certified manufacturer. Physicochemical characterizations were conducted through analyses of particle size distribution via dynamic light scattering (DLS), surface charge and stability of the NPs analyzed via zeta potential, and spectroscopic investigations (UV\u2013Vis, Fourier Transform Infrared [FTIR] and Raman) to elucidate the structural and chemical evolution across potencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>DLS of Natrium muriaticum (4C\u2013200C) showed bimodal particle sizes (130\u2009nm\u20132\u2009\u00b5m) with fragmentation at 4C, stable NPs at 110C and re-aggregation at higher potencies. The zeta potential remained negative, most negative at 4C (\u201320.72\u2009mV) and decreased at higher dilutions. UV\u2013Vis showed a peak shift from 258 to 260\u2009nm, and FTIR and Raman spectra revealed altered hydrogen bonding and molecular reorganization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Natrium muriaticum potencies exhibited nanoscale structural changes (potency-dependent NPs), molecular variations and slight aggregation at the higher dilutions, indicating distinct physicochemical variations and structural changes with potentization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2765-2472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T22:42:31Z","timestamp":1778884951000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Material Characterization of Ethanolic Preparation of Natrium muriaticum 4C to 200C"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Subhrajit","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organon of Medicine, National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surbhi","family":"Slathia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supriya","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materia Medica, National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Bepari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gopal Kumar","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7002-5471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kumaravel","family":"Vadivel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandra Sekhar","family":"Tiwary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tajamul","family":"Shafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pralay","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subhas","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organon of Medicine, National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laxmi","family":"Mahto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026048907739","article-title":"Towards understanding molecular mechanisms of action of homeopathic drugs: an overview","volume":"253","author":"A R Khuda-Bukhsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Cell 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A"}],"container-title":["Homeopathy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2765-2472.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T22:42:34Z","timestamp":1778884954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2765-2472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2765-2472","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-4916","1476-4245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-4916","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]}}}