{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T02:12:43Z","timestamp":1771035163031,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Canine Pyodermie ist eine h\u00e4ufige dermatologische Erkrankung, die bis heute in der Kleintierpraxis noch oft mit systemischen Antibiotika behandelt wird. Angesichts zunehmender Antibiotikaresistenzen, insbesondere durch Methicillin-resistente Staphylokokken, gewinnt die lokale Therapie zunehmend an Bedeutung. Zahlreiche Studien belegen inzwischen die Wirksamkeit topischer Behandlungen, insbesondere bei superfiziellen Pyodermien. Chlorhexidin, Natriumhypochlorid, Benzoylperoxid und Ethyllaktat z\u00e4hlen zu den am h\u00e4ufigsten verwendeten Wirkstoffen, wobei Chlorhexidin die st\u00e4rkste antibakterielle Wirkung zeigt. Zus\u00e4tzlich zur antimikrobiellen Wirkung kann eine topische Therapie die epidermale Barriere st\u00e4rken und das Wohlbefinden des Tieres, insbesondere bei allergischen Hunden, verbessern. Um jedoch die Wirksamkeit neuerer Wirkstoffe wie Olanexidin und pflanzlicher Extrakte zu validieren, sind weitere klinische Studien erforderlich. Physikalische Therapieformen wie Kaltplasma, Fluoreszenz-Biomodulation und Low-Level-Lasertherapie zeigen vielversprechende Ergebnisse als erg\u00e4nzende Behandlungsm\u00f6glichkeiten zur lokalen Therapie bakterieller Infektionen zur F\u00f6rderung der Wundheilung. Eine umfassende Diagnostik zur Identifizierung der Prim\u00e4rerkrankung sowie regelm\u00e4\u00dfige Nachkontrollen sind entscheidend, um R\u00fcckf\u00e4lle zu verhindern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2768-1018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T01:45:33Z","timestamp":1771033533000},"page":"6-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pyodermie beim Hund: Klinik, Diagnostik und topische Therapie \u2013 ein Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Anky","family":"Juhasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung Dermatologie und Allergologie, Kleintierklinik der LMU M\u00fcnchen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf. S.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abteilung Dermatologie und Allergologie, Kleintierklinik der LMU M\u00fcnchen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.04.002","article-title":"What has changed in canine pyoderma? A narrative review","volume":"235","author":"A Loeffler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.16.533","article-title":"Survey of the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of dermatological conditions in small animals in general practice","volume":"158","author":"P B Hill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90501","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090501","article-title":"Prevalence of disorders recorded in dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in England","volume":"9","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101745","article-title":"Survey of the UK veterinary profession: common species and conditions nominated by veterinarians in practice","volume":"174","author":"T D Nielsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0240-5","article-title":"Prescribing practices of primary-care veterinary practitioners in dogs diagnosed with bacterial pyoderma","volume":"10","author":"J F Summers","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.ARBA-0018-2017","article-title":"Optimization of Antimicrobial Treatment to Minimize Resistance Selection","volume":"6","author":"L Guardabassi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.12.003","article-title":"Cross-sectional survey of antimicrobial prescribing patterns in UK small animal veterinary practice","volume":"104","author":"L A Hughes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2784","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.2784","article-title":"UK-based multicentre cross-sectional study assessing advice requests veterinary dermatologists received from general practitioners","volume":"192","author":"P Lau-Gillard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.01.0001","article-title":"Topical therapy for canine pyoderma: what is new?","volume":"261","author":"D Santoro","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13328","article-title":"Successful bacteriophage therapy of pyoderma caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a dog","volume":"36","author":"C Mota Sa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13342","article-title":"Antimicrobial use guidelines for canine pyoderma by the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID)","volume":"36","author":"A Loeffler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14040309","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Risk Factors of Canine Bacterial Skin Infections","volume":"14","author":"Q Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108702","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Acinetobacter spp. of animal origin reveal high rate of multidrug resistance","volume":"245","author":"G Maboni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101069","article-title":"Suggested guidelines for using systemic antimicrobials in bacterial skin infections (1): diagnosis based on clinical presentation, cytology and culture","volume":"172","author":"L Beco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12118","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of canine superficial bacterial folliculitis (Antimicrobial Guidelines Working Group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases)","volume":"25","author":"A Hillier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104420","article-title":"Recurrent pyoderma and its underlying primary diseases: a retrospective evaluation of 157 dogs","volume":"182","author":"F Seckerdieck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858231176558","article-title":"Common superficial and deep cutaneous bacterial infections in domestic animals: A review","volume":"60","author":"M Faccin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.11.014","article-title":"Canine superficial bacterial folliculitis: current understanding of its etiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"199","author":"P Bloom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12806","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of demodicosis in dogs and cats: Clinical consensus guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology","volume":"31","author":"R S Mueller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13215","article-title":"Update on the skin barrier, cutaneous microbiome and host defence peptides in canine atopic dermatitis","volume":"35","author":"D Santoro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2024.11.002","article-title":"Updates on the Pathogenesis of Canine Atopic Dermatitis and Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome: Part 2, the Skin Barrier, the Microbiome, and Immune System Dysfunction","volume":"55","author":"C M Gentry","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01671-2","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of gut and skin microbiota in canine atopic dermatitis in Shiba Inu dogs","volume":"11","author":"M Thomsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015915","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1015915","article-title":"Establishing an experimental model for canine atopic dermatitis through epicutaneous application of Dermatophagoides farinae","volume":"9","author":"S W Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12408","article-title":"The cutaneous ecosystem: the roles of the skin microbiome in health and its association with inflammatory skin conditions in humans and animals","volume":"28","author":"A Rodrigues Hoffmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","article-title":"Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome","volume":"486","author":"Human Microbiome Project C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.328","article-title":"Skin commensals amplify the innate immune response to pathogens by activation of distinct signaling pathways","volume":"131","author":"I Wanke","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083197","article-title":"The skin microbiome in healthy and allergic dogs","volume":"9","author":"A Rodrigues Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.8.1337","article-title":"Genotypic relatedness of staphylococcal strains isolated from pustules and carriage sites in dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis","volume":"67","author":"L R Pinchbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.5.535","article-title":"Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes for coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from pustules and carriage sites in dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis","volume":"68","author":"L R Pinchbeck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13040","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing and de novo assembly of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: a pangenome approach to unravelling pathogenesis of canine pyoderma","volume":"32","author":"L Ferrer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-280x.1999.00237.x","article-title":"Malassezia pachydermatis: a review","volume":"37","author":"J Guillot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiv139","article-title":"What is living on your dog's skin? Characterization of the canine cutaneous mycobiota and fungal dysbiosis in canine allergic dermatitis","volume":"91","author":"C Meason-Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.5.540","article-title":"An investigation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in people and pets in the same household with an infected person or infected pet","volume":"235","author":"M C Faires","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.01.004","article-title":"Suspected transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between domestic pets and humans in veterinary clinics and in the household","volume":"115","author":"J S Weese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2011.01398.x","article-title":"Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in small animal veterinarians: indirect evidence of zoonotic transmission","volume":"58","author":"N C Paul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2009.00826.x","article-title":"Risk of colonization or gene transfer to owners of dogs with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius","volume":"20","author":"L A Frank","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2014.11.007","article-title":"Zoonotic disease risks for immunocompromised and other high-risk clients and staff: promoting safe pet ownership and contact","volume":"45","author":"J W Stull","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.55460\/XCG6-N1DJ","article-title":"Picture This: Management of Canine Pyotraumatic Dermatitis (a.k.a., Hot Spot)","volume":"18","author":"L E Palmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Spec Oper Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13122016","article-title":"Dermatological Problems of Brachycephalic Dogs","volume":"13","author":"S Hobi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.13.437","article-title":"Prospective study of bacterial overgrowth syndrome in eight dogs","volume":"158","author":"D Pin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-33-4-355","article-title":"German shepherd dog pyoderma: a prospective study of 12 dogs","volume":"33","author":"E J Rosser","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2005.09.008","article-title":"German Shepherd Dog pyoderma","volume":"36","author":"E J Rosser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.5.522","article-title":"Clinical and histopathologic features of dorsally located furunculosis in dogs following water immersion or exposure to grooming products: 22 cases (2005-2013)","volume":"246","author":"C L Cain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13072","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation from dog grooming products used by private owners or by professional pet grooming salons: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"33","author":"E Perry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12196","article-title":"Review: Clinical and histological manifestations of canine atopic dermatitis","volume":"26","author":"P Bizikova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12761","article-title":"Canine Pruritus Visual Analog Scale: how does it capture owners' perception of their pet's itching level?","volume":"30","author":"A J Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01113.x","article-title":"Development and validation of the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index, a scale for the rapid scoring of lesion severity in canine atopic dermatitis","volume":"23","author":"J D Plant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2234-1","article-title":"A review of Sarcoptes scabiei: past, present and future","volume":"10","author":"L G Arlian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12440","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats: Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology","volume":"28","author":"K A Moriello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2006.05.004","article-title":"Practical cytology for inflammatory skin diseases","volume":"21","author":"C Mendelsohn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"625","article-title":"Cutaneous cytology and the dermatology patient","volume":"58","author":"J Bajwa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6458","article-title":"Impression Smear Agreement with Acetate Tape Preparation for Cytologic Sampling","volume":"53","author":"E A Layne","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2012.09.004","article-title":"Recognizing pyoderma: more difficult than it may seem","volume":"43","author":"K Gortel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2024.11.010","article-title":"Canine and Feline Pemphigus Foliaceus-an Update on Pathogenesis and Treatment","volume":"55","author":"TJ M Jordan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.004","article-title":"Cytology of canine and feline cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions and lymph nodes","volume":"26","author":"A L MacNeill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2006.11.007","article-title":"Getting the most from dermatopathology","volume":"37","author":"G A Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01075.x","article-title":"Reproducibility of a semiquantitative method to assess cutaneous cytology","volume":"23","author":"S C Budach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.08.011","article-title":"Acinetobacter in veterinary medicine, with an emphasis on Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"16","author":"J H van der Kolk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12111590","article-title":"Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria","volume":"12","author":"A Gauba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2010.00927.x","article-title":"Evaluation of fungal flora in normal and diseased canine ears","volume":"21","author":"J J Campbell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12138","article-title":"Reproducibility of a quantitative cutaneous cytological technique","volume":"25","author":"T J Udenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01057.x","article-title":"A review of topical therapy for skin infections with bacteria and yeast","volume":"23","author":"R S Mueller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Treating pyoderma without the use of systemic antibiotics","volume":"60","author":"B Valentine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11070924","article-title":"The Production of Antibiotics Must Be Reoriented: Repositioning Old Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotics, Developing New Microbiome-Sparing Antibiotics","volume":"11","author":"S Diamantis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlac066","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlac066","article-title":"Antibiotic stewardship in the era of precision medicine","volume":"4","author":"R R Watkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-080219-122208","article-title":"Phage Therapy for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections","volume":"73","author":"G F Hatfull","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12958","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy for challenging bacterial infections: achievements, limitations and prospects for future clinical use by veterinary dermatologists","volume":"32","author":"R A Squires","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14020134","article-title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Models in Antimicrobial Stewardship in Public Health: A Narrative Review","volume":"14","author":"F Pennisi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9040149","article-title":"Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Antipruritic Drugs in the Control of the Most Frequent Pruritic Skin Diseases in Dogs","volume":"9","author":"V Bruet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13286","article-title":"Long-term use of lokivetmab in dogs with atopic dermatitis","volume":"35","author":"B Kasper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2023.110574","article-title":"Laboratory safety evaluation of lokivetmab, a canine anti-interleukin-31 monoclonal antibody, in dogs","volume":"258","author":"M Krautmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13190","article-title":"Evaluation of residual antibacterial effects on canine skin surface and hair following treatment with five commercial mousse products against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius","volume":"34","author":"C Y Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv056","article-title":"Susceptibility in vitro of canine methicillin-resistant and -susceptible staphylococcal isolates to fusidic acid, chlorhexidine and miconazole: opportunities for topical therapy of canine superficial pyoderma","volume":"70","author":"S M Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01095.x","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of topical biocide and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs","volume":"23","author":"B K Valentine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12357","article-title":"Interaction of chlorhexidine with trisEDTA or miconazole in vitro against canine meticillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from two UK regions","volume":"27","author":"S M Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12737","article-title":"Residual antibacterial activity of canine hair treated with five mousse products against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in vitro","volume":"30","author":"S J Ramos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12318","article-title":"Residual antibacterial activity of canine hair treated with topical antimicrobial sprays against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in vitro","volume":"27","author":"M L Mesman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2098-z","article-title":"A pilot study of the in vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo residual activity of chlorhexidine and acetic acid\/boric acid impregnated cleansing wipes","volume":"15","author":"R Rafferty","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12012","article-title":"Residual antibacterial activity of dog hairs after therapy with antimicrobial shampoos","volume":"24","author":"I Kloos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.1990.tb01136.x","article-title":"Comparison of three skin preparation techniques in the dog. Part 1: Experimental trial","volume":"19","author":"D J Osuna","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.198.11.1941","article-title":"Evaluation of surgical scrub and antiseptic solutions for surgical preparation of canine paws","volume":"198","author":"S F Swaim","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.01.115","article-title":"Prophylactic efficacy of four antibacterial shampoos against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs","volume":"52","author":"K W Kwochka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d4400","article-title":"Comparison of a chlorhexidine and a benzoyl peroxide shampoo as sole treatment in canine superficial pyoderma","volume":"169","author":"A Loeffler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00773.x","article-title":"The efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate in canine skin preparation - practice survey and clinical trials","volume":"50","author":"L K Evans","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2004.04086.x","article-title":"A prospective comparison between stabilized glutaraldehyde and chlorhexidine gluconate for preoperative skin antisepsis in dogs","volume":"33","author":"N E Lambrechts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.00968.x","article-title":"Dose assessment of 2% chlorhexidine acetate for canine superficial pyoderma","volume":"22","author":"N Murayama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2010.00898.x","article-title":"Efficacy of a surgical scrub including 2% chlorhexidine acetate for canine superficial pyoderma","volume":"21","author":"N Murayama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.08.018","article-title":"Influence of a phytosphingosine-containing chlorhexidine shampoo on superficial bacterial counts and bacterial adherence to canine keratinocytes","volume":"141","author":"A Stroh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.9.1001","article-title":"Efficacy of application of an alcohol-based antiseptic hand rub or a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate scrub for immediate reduction of the bacterial population on the skin of dogs","volume":"79","author":"E A Maxwell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12233","article-title":"Effectiveness of a combined (4% chlorhexidine digluconate shampoo and solution) protocol in MRS and non-MRS canine superficial pyoderma: a randomized, blinded, antibiotic-controlled study","volume":"26","author":"S Borio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13038","article-title":"Efficacy of olanexidine gluconate in canine superficial pyoderma: a randomised, single-blinded controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Y H Hsiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579074","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.579074","article-title":"Performance of Daily Pads Containing Ophytrium and Chlorhexidine Digluconate 3% in Dogs With Local Cutaneous Bacterial and\/or Malassezia Overgrowth","volume":"8","author":"M Gatellet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2012.09.006","article-title":"Topical therapy for drug-resistant pyoderma in small animals","volume":"43","author":"J G Jeffers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0803600404","article-title":"Chlorhexidine--pharmacology and clinical applications","volume":"36","author":"K S Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.19.536","article-title":"Activity of chlorhexidine shampoos in vitro against Staphylococcus intermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Malassezia pachydermatis","volume":"144","author":"D H Lloyd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00463929","article-title":"Vestibular ototoxicity following intratympanic applications of chlorhexidine gluconate in the cat","volume":"245","author":"Y Igarashi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00454417","article-title":"Cochlear ototoxicity of chlorhexidine gluconate in cats","volume":"242","author":"Y Igarashi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200009000-00021","article-title":"Vestibular and cochlear ototoxicity of topical antiseptics assessed by evoked potentials","volume":"110","author":"R Perez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.124.20.547-c","article-title":"Chlorhexidine and ototoxicity in cats","volume":"124","author":"K Willoughby","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1995.56.04.532","article-title":"Ototoxicity assessment of a gentamicin sulfate otic preparation in dogs","volume":"56","author":"G M Strain","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2022.1352","article-title":"Distribution of chlorhexidine resistance genes among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates: the challenge of antiseptic resistance","volume":"12","author":"A M Sultan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Germs"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71041","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.71041","article-title":"Characterization of Chlorhexidine Resistance Among Clinical Isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species in a Tertiary Care Center, Chennai","volume":"16","author":"S Paranji Srirama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050798","article-title":"Chlorhexidine Resistance or Cross-Resistance, That Is the Question","volume":"12","author":"H M Abbood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01511-4","article-title":"In vitro long-term exposure to chlorhexidine or triclosan induces cross-resistance against azoles in Nakaseomyces glabratus","volume":"14","author":"K Spettel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"455","article-title":"[Penetration of benzoyl peroxide in the skin]","volume":"35","author":"S Seubert","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"ref106","first-page":"482","article-title":"Benzoyl peroxide development, pharmacology, formulation and clinical uses in topical fixed-combinations","volume":"9","author":"J C Harper","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903277228","article-title":"Benzoyl peroxide: a review of its current use in the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"10","author":"M Sagransky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.01002.x","article-title":"Comparative in vitro efficacy of antimicrobial shampoos: a pilot study","volume":"23","author":"R Young","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04663.x","article-title":"The mode of action of ethyl lactate as a treatment for acne","volume":"110","author":"C Prottey","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"94","article-title":"Effects of an ethyl lactate shampoo in conjunction with a systemic antibiotic in the treatment of canine superficial bacterial pyoderma in an open-label, nonplacebo-controlled study","volume":"4","author":"C de Jaham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Ther"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100635","article-title":"Double-blinded, placebo-controlled study to evaluate an antipruritic shampoo for dogs with allergic pruritus","volume":"171","author":"J Schilling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16099","article-title":"The role of sodium hypochlorite in atopic dermatitis therapy: a narrative review","volume":"61","author":"K Krynicka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199109000-00011","article-title":"Antiseptic effectiveness with fibroblast preservation","volume":"27","author":"P J McKenna","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15410","article-title":"Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of sodium hypochlorite against Staphylococcus aureus isolates derived from patients with atopic dermatitis","volume":"177","author":"S Eriksson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky432","article-title":"Safety and efficacy profiles of different commercial sodium hypochlorite\/hypochlorous acid solutions (NaClO\/HClO): antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxic impact and physicochemical parameters in vitro","volume":"74","author":"A L Severing","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12487","article-title":"Diluted sodium hypochlorite (bleach) in dogs: antiseptic efficacy, local tolerability and in vitro effect on skin barrier function and inflammation","volume":"29","author":"F Banovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5361","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI70895","article-title":"Topical hypochlorite ameliorates NF-kappaB-mediated skin diseases in mice","volume":"123","author":"T H Leung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13045","article-title":"Hypochlorous acid is antipruritic and anti-inflammatory in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis","volume":"48","author":"T Fukuyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6628","article-title":"Sodium Hypochlorite\/Salicylic Acid Shampoo for Treatment of Canine Staphylococcal Pyoderma","volume":"55","author":"V A Fadok","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12121","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the use of diluted sodium hypochlorite (bleach) against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Malassezia pachydermatis","volume":"25","author":"F Banovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000318237","article-title":"Polihexanide: a safe and highly effective biocide","volume":"23","author":"K Kaehn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23121","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23121","article-title":"The antimicrobial polymer PHMB enters cells and selectively condenses bacterial chromosomes","volume":"6","author":"K Chindera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2013.09.006","article-title":"Modes of action of three disinfectant active substances: a review","volume":"67","author":"S Wessels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2005.00672.x","article-title":"Ototoxicity and tolerance assessment of a TrisEDTA and polyhexamethylene biguanide ear flush formulation in dogs","volume":"28","author":"P C Mills","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13331","article-title":"Comparison of the in vitro antibiofilm activities of otic cleansers against canine otitis externa pathogens","volume":"36","author":"B F Savaliya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12971","article-title":"Comparison of polyhexanide, cold atmospheric plasma and saline in the treatment of canine bite wounds","volume":"60","author":"M C Nolff","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12368","article-title":"Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation for body wall reconstruction using an artificial mesh in a Dachshund","volume":"93","author":"M C Nolff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.15654\/TPK-170713","article-title":"[Comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of polyhexanide, cold atmospheric argon plasma and saline in the treatment of canine bite wounds]","volume":"46","author":"S Winter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12048","article-title":"In vitro comparison of the effectiveness of polihexanide and chlorhexidine against canine isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Malassezia pachydermatis","volume":"24","author":"F Banovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4551","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05048-14","article-title":"Bactericidal Effects and Mechanism of Action of Olanexidine Gluconate, a New Antiseptic","volume":"59","author":"A Hagi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.01.019","article-title":"Influence of Melaleuca alternifolia oil nanoparticles on aspects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm","volume":"93","author":"V M Comin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref132","first-page":"285","article-title":"Antimicrobial effect against different bacterial strains and bacterial adaptation to essential oils used as feed additives","volume":"79","author":"A D Melo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0514-6","article-title":"Treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: 2015 updated guidelines from the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA)","volume":"11","author":"T Olivry","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13012","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of cold atmospheric microwave plasma against bacteria causing canine skin and ear infections","volume":"32","author":"H J Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02088-9","article-title":"Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP): a revolutionary approach in dermatology and skincare","volume":"29","author":"A T Khalaf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13287","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma in four golden retrievers with acute otitis externa","volume":"35","author":"A Bakir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref137","first-page":"41","article-title":"Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring","volume":"32","author":"P Avci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2004.22.323","article-title":"The efficacy of low-power lasers in tissue repair and pain control: a meta-analysis study","volume":"22","author":"C S Enwemeka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8020020","article-title":"Current Applications and Future Perspectives of Fluorescence Light Energy Biomodulation in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"8","author":"A Marchegiani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12785","article-title":"Fluorescence biomodulation in the management of canine interdigital pyoderma cases: a prospective, single-blinded, randomized and controlled clinical study","volume":"30","author":"A Marchegiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6643416","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6643416","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Fluorescent Light Energy as Adjunct Therapy in Canine Deep Pyoderma: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"2021","author":"A Marchegiani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Med Int"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155105","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1155105","article-title":"Exploring fluorescent light energy as management option for canine superficial bacterial folliculitis","volume":"10","author":"A Marchegiani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12890","article-title":"Management of canine perianal fistula with fluorescence light energy: preliminary findings","volume":"31","author":"A Marchegiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02311-9","article-title":"Management of otitis externa with an led-illuminated gel: a randomized controlled clinical trial in dogs","volume":"16","author":"A M Tambella","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13415","article-title":"Effect of the topical Klox fluorescence biomodulation system on the healing of canine surgical wounds","volume":"49","author":"A Salvaggio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13235","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of bactericidal effects of fluorescent light energy on Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. aureus","volume":"35","author":"A T Lundberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9090505","article-title":"Critically Appraised Topic on Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in Dogs: An Advisable Treatment for Skin Diseases?","volume":"9","author":"R Perego","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101070","article-title":"Suggested guidelines for using systemic antimicrobials in bacterial skin infections: part 2 \u2013 antimicrobial choice, treatment regimens and compliance","volume":"172","author":"L Beco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Rec"}],"container-title":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere \/ Heimtiere"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2768-1018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T01:45:35Z","timestamp":1771033535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2768-1018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":148,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2768-1018","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1239","2567-5842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-1239","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-5842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}}}