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Open, mini-open, endoscopic, and emerging minimally invasive techniques are compared in terms of outcomes, complications, pillar pain, and reoperation rates. Surgical indications, anatomical considerations, and management of recalcitrant CTS\u2014including recurrent, persistent, and new-onset symptoms\u2014are discussed. Adjunct procedures such as opponensplasty and flexor synovectomy are reviewed, with emphasis on patient selection, individualized decision-making, and the importance of thorough anatomical knowledge to ensure safe adoption of novel techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2769-7554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T23:42:27Z","timestamp":1769816547000},"page":"072-085","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Current Surgical Trends in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9796-373X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Hyun","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W Institute for Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, W General Hospital, Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0136-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bong Gyu","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W Institute for Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, W General Hospital, Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3476-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Jin","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W Institute for Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, W General Hospital, Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5856-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W Institute for Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, W General Hospital, Daegu, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.2.153","article-title":"Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population","volume":"282","author":"I Atroshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.4055\/cios23281","article-title":"Epidemiology of carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"16","author":"M S Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","first-page":"CD001552","article-title":"Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"1","author":"V Lusa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref4","first-page":"590","article-title":"Conservative treatment in patients with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"S Jim\u00e9nez Del Barrio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurologia (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4189","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004189","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a survey of hand surgeons","volume":"10","author":"J I Billig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00432-X","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: updated evidence and new questions","volume":"22","author":"L Padua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-6-17","article-title":"Is surgical intervention more effective than non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome? 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