{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T23:42:50Z","timestamp":1776469370119,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n This study in central precocious puberty girls receiving\n gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues for 18 months aimed to compare\n leuprorelin biannual (6-mo subcutaneous leuprorelin, group 1, n=13)\n with the quarterly (3-mo intramuscular leuprorelin, group 2, n=10) on\n height, pubertal progression, and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n Twenty-three girls aged 5.7\u20139.0 years with median bone age advancement (2.7 y\n and 2.3 y, respectively) underwent clinical visits every 3 months, including\n pelvis, breasts and injection site ultrasound and luteinizing hormone\n measurements 2 hours after and 1 week after gonadotropin-releasing hormone\n analogue administration. Bone age was determined every 6 months.<\/jats:p>\n Both protocols were able to stop height lost (stabilization of one age\n adjusted height standard deviation score: group 1=\u20131.1 to \u20131.1 and group\n 2=\u20130.2 to \u20130.1, respectively). The difference between bone age and\n chronological age was significantly reduced in group 1 (p=0.001) and\n showed a trend in group 2 (p=0.08). The body mass index\u2013standard\n deviation score remained similar. A decreased breast diameter\n (p=0.04) and a reduction in uterine volume (p=0.02) were\n observed in patients from group 1. Local non-inflammatory nodules were\n identified in groups 1 and 2 (100% and 50%, respectively). Local nodules\n were larger in group 1 (1.3 vs. 0.1 cm; p=0.03). Luteinizing hormone\n levels were reduced in all groups, with random luteinizing hormone levels\n remaining below 0.6 IU\/L. Luteinizing hormone values 2 hours after\n gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue administration showed a more\n homogeneous suppressive effect in group 1. Mild to moderate pain was present\n in both groups, but higher in group 1. Scores for acceptance, easiness and\n satisfaction were similar between groups.<\/jats:p>\n Six month subcutaneous leuprorelin deaccelerated bone age, preserving the\n predicted final height in a manner similar to 3-month intramuscular\n leuprorelin. Only 6-month subcutaneous leuprorelin could reduce uterine and\n breast volumes. Pain was more prominent with six-month subcutaneous\n leuprorelin, and drug deposition in the subcutaneous tissue was identified\n more frequently, without an inflammatory process or a risk of therapeutic\n failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2771-0527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T22:46:46Z","timestamp":1775861206000},"page":"145-151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Study of Subcutaneous 6-Month Versus Intramuscular\n 3-Month Leuprorelin Use in Central Precocious Puberty"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9059-9106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andressa Evaristo Mendanha","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de\n S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa Salom\u00e3o de","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de\n S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline Gasparini","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de\n S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel Gomes","family":"Lot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de\n S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isadora Romanini","family":"Brambilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de\n S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel Rebou\u00e7as de Biasi","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de\n S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge Armando Camargo de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Irmandade da Santa\n Casa de Misericordia de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Caivano Rodrigues","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Irmandade da Santa\n Casa de Misericordia de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Castilho Aznar","family":"Iajarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Irmandade da Santa\n Casa de Misericordia de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itatiana Ferreira","family":"Rodart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiological Sciences, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da\n Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiane","family":"Kochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de\n S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Physiological Sciences, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da\n Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6361-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Longui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de\n S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Physiological Sciences, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da\n Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Current concepts in normal and abnormal puberty","volume":"37","author":"T D Nebesio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814541807","article-title":"A pediatrician\u2019s guide to central precocious puberty","volume":"54","author":"G B Kletter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1024","article-title":"Treatment and outcomes of precocious puberty: An update","volume":"98","author":"J S Fuqua","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol 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