{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:04:40Z","timestamp":1784588680288,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) is an exudative\n                    maculopathy characterised by persistent subretinal fluid and potential visual\n                    deterioration. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin is an established\n                    treatment option, particularly in refractory or chronic cases. This\n                    retrospective, single centre study aimed to evaluate the functional and\n                    morphological efficacy of PDT in patients with cCSC at Hanusch Hospital,\n                    Vienna.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients\/Materials and Methods We analysed 49 eyes of 38 patients who\n                    underwent PDT between 2020 and 2025. Best-corrected visual acuity (decimal),\n                    central retinal thickness (CRT, \u00b5m), and subretinal fluid (SRF, \u00b5m) were\n                    assessed using spectral domain OCT before and after treatment. Statistical\n                    analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and the Wilcoxon\n                    signed-rank test for paired samples. Subgroup analyses were conducted for repeat\n                    PDT (Re-PDT) and secondary choroidal neovascularisation (CNV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results Overall, PDT led to a significant improvement in visual acuity\n                    (p\u2009=\u20090.041) and a highly significant reduction in both CRT and SRF (each\n                    p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the Re-PDT subgroup (n\u2009=\u20096), significant morphological\n                    improvement (p\u2009=\u20090.028 for CRT and SRF) was observed without a statistically\n                    significant gain in vision (p\u2009=\u20090.109). No significant therapeutic effect was\n                    found in patients with secondary CNV. There was a significant negative\n                    correlation between visual acuity and CRT (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.42; p\u2009=\u20090.005) and between\n                    visual acuity and SRF (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.37; p\u2009=\u20090.012).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion PDT appears to be an effective treatment for achieving\n                    anatomical and functional stabilisation in cCSC. The limited visual improvement\n                    in Re-PDT and CNV subgroups underscores the importance of early treatment and\n                    tailored decision-making in cases of secondary neovascularisation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2772-8827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:16:36Z","timestamp":1770768996000},"page":"759-766","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Chronic Central Serous\n                    Chorioretinopathy: A Retrospective Analysis at Hanusch Hospital,\n                    Vienna"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Spartalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Hackl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Radda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Findl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2007.00889.x","article-title":"Central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"86","author":"M Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2025.100252","article-title":"International consensuses and guidelines on central serous chorioretinopathy\n                    (CSC) by the Asia Pacific Vitreo-retina Society 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Spaide","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.05.013","article-title":"Dilatation of Asymmetric Vortex Vein in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy","volume":"2","author":"T Hiroe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.100973","article-title":"Venous overload choroidopathy: A hypothetical framework for central serous\n                    chorioretinopathy and allied disorders","volume":"86","author":"R F Spaide","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.12.1453","article-title":"Choroidal vascular remodelling in central serous chorioretinopathy after\n                    indocyanine green guided photodynamic therapy with verteporfin: a novel\n                    treatment at the primary disease level","volume":"87","author":"W M Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.04.021","article-title":"Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy versus High-Density Subthreshold Micropulse Laser\n                    Treatment in Patients with Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: The PLACE\n                    Trial","volume":"125","author":"E HC van Dijk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.04.011","article-title":"Choroidal Thickness Changes After Photodynamic Therapy and Recurrence of Chronic\n                    Central Serous Chorioretinopathy","volume":"160","author":"Y K Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.01.022","article-title":"Half-fluence versus half-dose photodynamic therapy in chronic central serous\n                    chorioretinopathy","volume":"157","author":"M Nicolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"T8","article-title":"Long-Term Outcome of Half-Dose Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy for the\n                    Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (An American Ophthalmological\n                    Society Thesis)","volume":"113","author":"T Y Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.06.020","article-title":"Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy Versus Eplerenone in Chronic Central Serous\n                    Chorioretinopathy (SPECTRA): A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"233","author":"T J van Rijssen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011841.pub3","article-title":"Interventions for central serous chorioretinopathy: a network meta-analysis","author":"C A Lange","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2024.104224","article-title":"Clinical predictive factors and imaging biomarkers of treatment response to half\n                    dose PDT in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"48","author":"R Mirshahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3283459826","article-title":"Review and update of central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"22","author":"A Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06255-2","article-title":"Long-term predictors of anti-VEGF treatment response in patients with\n                    neovascularization secondary to CSCR: a longitudinal study","volume":"262","author":"G M Cozzupoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-023-01825-5","article-title":"[Photodynamic therapy in Germany-Quo vadis?]","volume":"120","author":"L Pauleikhoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmologie"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2024.101236","article-title":"Central serous chorioretinopathy: An evidence-based treatment guideline","volume":"101","author":"H MA Feenstra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2772-8827.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T22:50:43Z","timestamp":1784587843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2772-8827"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"07","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2772-8827","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3999","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]}}}