{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:03:14Z","timestamp":1789772594559,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe cases of septic synovitis and osteomyelitis in foals younger than 6 months presented to a single hospital and their management and to report the value of computed tomography in diagnosis and management of these cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This is a retrospective descriptive study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Sixty-five foals were included in this study. Forty-six foals (71%) survived to discharge. The presence of osteomyelitis (p\u2009=\u20090.16), umbilical infection (p\u2009=\u20090.41), or infection with Rhodococcus equi (p\u2009=\u20091) did not significantly influence survival. However, risk of nonsurvival was significantly increased if multiple sites were infected (p\u2009=\u20090.007; odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20095.80) or when bony lesions were present on admission radiographs (p\u2009=\u20090.03; OR\u2009=\u20093.47). A large proportion of the foals in this study had osteomyelitis (66%; 43\/65). Computed tomography use was not significantly associated with survival (p\u2009=\u20090.27) but allowed identification of osteomyelitis lesions in 16 out of 43 cases (37.2%) where radiological findings were unremarkable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This study reports a high frequency of osteomyelitis in foals in multiple different regions of the skeleton, with or without associated synovial sepsis. The prognosis, defined as survival to discharge, for these orthopaedic infections is positive, especially if only one location is affected. Computed tomography scan allows an early diagnosis as well as detection of radiographically silent lesions and is an interesting tool in targeted treatments of these foals. Gram-positive bacterial infections were overrepresented in this study, suggesting some similarities with human paediatric orthopaedic infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2773-7734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T11:57:08Z","timestamp":1767787028000},"page":"280-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Septic Synovitis and Osteomyelitis in Foals: Current Situation in a French Referral Hospital and Value of Computed Tomography for Diagnosis and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9497-3852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micka\u00ebl P.","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Equin de Livet, Livarot-Pays-d'Auge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Buyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Equin de Livet, Livarot-Pays-d'Auge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Cousty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Equin de Livet, Livarot-Pays-d'Auge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fleur","family":"Couturier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Equin de Livet, Livarot-Pays-d'Auge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Tricaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Equin de Livet, Livarot-Pays-d'Auge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1977.tb04006.x","article-title":"Joint-ill and other bacterial infections on Thoroughbred studs","volume":"9","author":"H Platt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2017.03.002","article-title":"Septic arthritis, physitis, and osteomyelitis in foals","volume":"33","author":"K Glass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13394","article-title":"Haematogenous septic arthritis, physitis and osteomyelitis in foals: A tutorial review on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Part 1","volume":"33","author":"C Lindegaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13393","article-title":"Haematogenous septic arthritis, physitis and osteomyelitis in foals: A tutorial review on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Part 2","volume":"34","author":"C Lindegaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00503","article-title":"Rhodococcus equi joint sepsis and osteomyelitis is associated with a grave prognosis in foals","volume":"6","author":"N A Ruocco III","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.07.973","article-title":"Factors associated with prognosis for survival and athletic use in foals with septic arthritis: 93 cases (1987-1994)","volume":"215","author":"C M Steel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","first-page":"167","article-title":"Nuclear medicine methods for evaluation of skeletal infection among other diagnostic modalities","volume":"50","author":"T A El-Maghraby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12710","article-title":"Comparison of conventional radiography and computed tomography as aids in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in 11 foals","volume":"96","author":"N E Lean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2746\/095777307X197639","article-title":"Computed tomography in equine practice","volume":"19","author":"S Puchalski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2012.00422.x","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of computed tomography imaging in foals: 10 cases (2008\u20132010)","volume":"25","author":"M Barba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.7.785","article-title":"Bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with infection and outcome in foals with septic arthritis: 83 cases (1998-2013)","volume":"246","author":"K L Hepworth-Warren","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-0481-61-2-102","article-title":"Analysis of factors influencing prognosis in foals with septic arthritis","volume":"61","author":"N J Vos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ir Vet J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2009.00539.x","article-title":"Retrospective study of 108 foals with septic osteomyelitis","volume":"88","author":"K M Neil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30372-3","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders of the neonate","volume":"10","author":"J A Orsini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12696","article-title":"Effect of arthroscopic lavage and repeated intra-articular administrations of antibiotic in adult horses and foals with septic arthritis","volume":"46","author":"M Cousty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12616","article-title":"Haematogenous septic arthritis in foals: short-and long-term outcome and analysis of factors affecting prognosis","volume":"29","author":"L Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X480403","article-title":"Bacterial culture of septic synovial structures of horses: does a positive bacterial culture influence prognosis?","volume":"42","author":"A H Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2021.08.012","article-title":"Pediatric musculoskeletal infections: imaging guidelines and recommendations","volume":"60","author":"F E Butt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200404000-00028","article-title":"Musculoskeletal infections in children: basic treatment principles and recent advancements","volume":"86","author":"J J McCarthy","year":"2004","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.2746\/095777308X321116","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Candida utilis infectious arthritis in a Standardbred filly","volume":"20","author":"J Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.03.338","article-title":"Amphotericin B treatment of Candida arthritis in two horses","volume":"206","author":"J B Madison","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.205.03.464","article-title":"Systemic candidiasis in four foals","volume":"205","author":"L K Reilly","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02873.x","article-title":"A retrospective study of 192 horses affected with septic arthritis\/tenosynovitis","volume":"24","author":"R K Schneider","year":"1992","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13892","article-title":"Prognosis for survival to discharge and racing performance in Thoroughbred foals treated for single joint septic arthritis (2009-2016)","volume":"55","author":"K D Whisenant","year":"2023","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164044868396","article-title":"What is the likelihood that Thoroughbred foals treated for septic arthritis will race?","volume":"36","author":"L J Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2773-7734.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:47:10Z","timestamp":1789771630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2773-7734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2773-7734","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0814","2567-6911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0814","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-6911","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]}}}