{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:54:12Z","timestamp":1782784452005,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rofo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigates the impact of echo time (TE) and repetition time (TR) on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and diffusion-derived vessel density (DDVD) values. Spleen has longer T1 and T2 than the liver, and spleen has a T2 similar to most hepatocellular carcinomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Liver and spleen diffusion MRI was conducted with six volunteers at 3.0 T with multiple sessions. When TE was changed with steps of TE=46 ms, 52 ms, 60 ms, 70 ms, and 80 ms, TR was fixed at 2000 ms. When TR was changed with steps of TR=200 ms, 300 ms, 500 ms, 1000 ms, and 2000 ms, TE was fixed at 46 ms. The b-values included 0, 1, 2, 10, and 600 s\/mm\u00b2. ADC was calculated with b=0 and b=600 s\/mm\u00b2 images. DDVD was the signal difference between on b=0 image and a very low b-value image (b=1, 2, 10 s\/mm2). Thirty-five scans for each ADC data point and 23 scans for each DDVD data point were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Following the increase in TE from 46ms to 80ms, the ADC value increased by 23.9% (median) for the liver and 18.2% (median) for the spleen, while the ADCspleen\/ADCliver ratio was smaller when TE was longer. Following the increase in TR from 200ms to 2000 ms, the ADC value decreased by 4.8% (median) for the liver and 14.6% (median) for the spleen, while the ADCspleen\/ADCliver ratio was smaller when TR was longer. Following the increase in TE from 46ms to 80ms, there was a decrease in the DDVD value. DDVDspleen\/DDVDliver ratios were greater when TE was long. Following the increase in TR from 200ms to 2000ms, there was a biphasic change in the DDVD value. The DDVD values were highest when TR was 500ms, and DDVDspleen\/DDVDliver ratios followed a mono-phasic decrease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>TR and TE have very notable impact on the ADC and DDVD values of the liver and spleen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2777-6695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T23:48:17Z","timestamp":1768952897000},"page":"905-913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Impact of TE and TR on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Diffusion-derived Vessel Density Quantification: Studies of Healthy Liver and Spleen"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Fan-Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","place":["Hong Kong"],"department":["Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5697-0717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y\u00ec Xi\u00e1ng J.","family":"W\u00e1ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","place":["Hong Kong"],"department":["Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-2025-195","article-title":"An explanation for the triphasic dependency of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on T2 relaxation time: The multiple T2 compartments model","volume":"15","author":"YXJ W\u00e1ng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22565","article-title":"An in vivo verification of 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diffusion coefficient and optimization strategies","volume":"22","author":"A Celik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.06.031","article-title":"Imaging parameter effects in apparent diffusion coefficient determination of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"77","author":"A Ogura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/12.3006584","article-title":"Effects of MRI parameters on the shifted apparent diffusion coefficient in an abdominal phantom","volume":"12925","author":"W Aldarrab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc of SPIE"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-023-01519-7","article-title":"Short repetition time diffusion-weighted imaging improves visualization of prostate cancer","volume":"42","author":"A Higaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-24-2411.","article-title":"Influences of the second motion probing gradient b-value and T2 relaxation time on magnetic resonance diffusion-derived vessel density (DDVD) calculation: The examples of liver, spleen, and liver simple cyst","volume":"15","author":"ZG Ju","year":"2025","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-2025-59.","article-title":"Lower diffusion-derived vessel density (DDVD) measure of liver focal nodular hyperplasia than those of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastasis allows potential differential diagnosis: Quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses of two-center data","volume":"16","author":"CJ Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-2025-424","article-title":"A combination of MRI diffusion-derived vessel density (DDVD) and slow diffusion coefficient (SDC) can reliably diagnose liver hemangioma: A testing of three centers\u2019 data","volume":"16","author":"GW Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4654","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4654","article-title":"Effects of echo time on IVIM quantifications of locally advanced breast cancer in clinical diffusion-weighted MRI at 3\u2009T","volume":"35","author":"L Egnell","year":"2022","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-2025-270","article-title":"Impacts of time of echo (TE) and time of repetition (TR) on diffusion-derived vessel density (DDVD) measurement: Examples of liver, spleen, and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"YXJ W\u00e1ng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-2024-2693","article-title":"MRI signal simulation of liver DDVD (diffusion-derived \u201cvessel density\u201d) with multiple compartments diffusion model","volume":"15","author":"FZ Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2543-3305","article-title":"Assessing parotid gland tumor perfusion with a new imaging biomarker DDVD (diffusion-derived vessel density): Promising initial results","author":"DQ Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rofo"}],"container-title":["R\u00f6Fo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der R\u00f6ntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden 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