{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:03:02Z","timestamp":1790377382047,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rofo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the non-contrast-enhanced relaxation-enhanced angiography without contrast (REACT) sequence for the assessment of extrathoracic vessels in pediatric patients compared to contrast-enhanced (CE), multiphasic magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this prospective, single-center study, pediatric patients referred for clinically indicated contrast-enhanced MRI of various extrathoracic body regions underwent additional free-breathing REACT and multiphasic, free-breathing CE-MRA at 1.5 T (Philips Ingenia). REACT was acquired using Cartesian k-space order, except in the abdomen, where it was acquired using a radial stack of stars k-space sampling (REACT VANE). The acquisition time was recorded. Image quality (Likert scale 1\u20135, with 5 being the best) and vessel diameter were evaluated by two independent readers in four predefined vessels in each body region. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of SNR and CNR was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>30 patients (age: 12.3 \u00b1 4 years) successfully completed REACT and CE-MRA. The acquisition time for REACT was 2:49 \u00b1 1:03 min, while abdominal REACT VANE required 4:51 \u00b1 0:52 min. The CE-MRA acquisition time was 3:49 \u00b1 1:03 min. The median image quality ratings were good to excellent (Likert scale 4\u20135) for both readers. No significant difference in the image quality ratings was found (p = 0.12 \u2013 0.58). Interobserver agreement of image quality ratings of the two readers was moderate to substantial (Cohen\u2019s kappa REACT: 0.58, CE-MRA: 0.64). Vessel diameter measurements showed a strong correlation (r = 0.93) between REACT and CE-MRA with high intraclass correlation coefficients (REACT: 0.97, CE-MRA: 0.97). Quantitative analysis showed a higher venous SNR and higher arterial and venous CNR in REACT (p = 0.001\u20130.018).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Given the good and comparable image quality, REACT can be useful in vascular imaging in children under free-breathing, while potentially eliminating the need for contrast agent injection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2781-8861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:05:22Z","timestamp":1769817922000},"page":"1318-1329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Free-breathing non-contrast-enhanced flow-independent MR angiography using REACT: A prospective study for pediatric vessel assessment"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"198","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"drks00029385","registry":"10.18810\/drks"}],"author":[{"given":"Jakob","family":"Spogis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, BW, Germany","place":["T\u00fcbingen"],"department":["Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Tsiflikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, BW, Germany","place":["T\u00fcbingen"],"department":["Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Katemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips, Germany","place":["Hamburg"],"department":["Philips GmbH Market DACH"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips Medical Systems Nederland BV, Netherlands","place":["Best"],"department":["Philips Medical Systems"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips Japan, Japan","place":["Tokyo"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen F","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, BW, Germany","place":["T\u00fcbingen"],"department":["Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1219-3","article-title":"Magnetic resonance angiography of the body in pediatric patients: experience with a contrast-enhanced time-resolved technique","volume":"35","author":"T Chung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020190110","article-title":"Gadolinium Deposition and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: A Radiologist's Primer","volume":"40","author":"M 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