{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:03:30Z","timestamp":1770509010933,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Padiatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Malaria can cause severe complications including cerebral involvement and\n                        long-term neurocognitive impairment, especially in young children. Our study\n                        presents data on pediatric malaria cases with a focus on long-term\n                        neurological and neurocognitive outcomes following standardized\n                        treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective, single-centre study analyzed all pediatric malaria cases\n                        treated at our tertiary care hospital in 2023. Follow-ups included\n                        neurological examinations, standardized intelligence testing,\n                        electroencephalography, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging, with\n                        additional assessments provided as needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Eleven patients (median age: 9.5 y) were included, with Plasmodium\n                            falciparum identified in 91% of cases. Eight (72.7%) patients were\n                        diagnosed with severe malaria. Artesunate was used as first-line therapy in\n                        64% of patients. Residual neurological symptoms were observed in 82% of\n                        patients. Neurocognitive testing revealed deficits in 44% of the tested\n                        patients. Electroencephalographic abnormalities were noted in four patients;\n                        three patients developed epilepsies. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging\n                        findings included cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum and trigonal\n                        lesions in three patients. At 12 months, 77.8% of patients showed clinical\n                        improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Despite prompt, guideline-appropriate treatment, pediatric malaria patients\n                        in our cohort exhibited high rates of neurological sequelae requiring\n                        rehabilitative and pharmacological treatments. These findings highlight the\n                        need for a coordinated follow-up even in non-endemic countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2784-6563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T23:39:51Z","timestamp":1770421191000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Malaria in Children is Associated with a High Rate of Neurological\n                    Sequelae and Need for Rehabilitative Therapies in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4446-8257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas Erasmus","family":"Adolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric\n                    Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University\n                    Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"West German Centre of Infectious Diseases (WZI),\n                    University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro\u2011 and Behavioral Sciences\n                    (CTNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Pentek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric\n                    Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University\n                    Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"West German Centre of Infectious Diseases (WZI),\n                    University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Rink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric\n                    Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University\n                    Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"West German Centre of Infectious Diseases (WZI),\n                    University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro\u2011 and Behavioral Sciences\n                    (CTNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara Johanna","family":"Held","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric\n                    Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University\n                    Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"West German Centre of Infectious Diseases (WZI),\n                    University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro\u2011 and Behavioral Sciences\n                    (CTNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adela","family":"Della Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric\n                    Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University\n                    Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro\u2011 and Behavioral Sciences\n                    (CTNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gangfu\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric\n                    Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University\n                    Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro\u2011 and Behavioral Sciences\n                    (CTNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"K\u00f6lbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric\n                    Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University\n                    Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro\u2011 and Behavioral Sciences\n                    (CTNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Dziobaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital\n                    Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter-Michael","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital\n                    Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hedda Luise","family":"Verhasselt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital\n                    Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Felderhoff-M\u00fcser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric\n                    Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University\n                    Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8973-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Dohna-Schwake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric\n                    Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University\n                    Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"West German Centre of Infectious Diseases (WZI),\n                    University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro\u2011 and Behavioral Sciences\n                    (CTNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah Christina","family":"Goretzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric\n                    Intensive Care, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University\n                    Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"West German Centre of Infectious Diseases (WZI),\n                    University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro\u2011 and Behavioral Sciences\n                    (CTNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04301-8","article-title":"Severe malaria","volume":"21","author":"N J White","year":"2022","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2405313","article-title":"Malaria","volume":"392","author":"J P Daily","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939532","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.939532","article-title":"Cerebral malaria induced by plasmodium falciparum: clinical features,\n                    pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"12","author":"X Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181eee738","article-title":"Cerebral malaria: mechanisms of brain injury and strategies for improved\n                    neurocognitive outcome","volume":"68","author":"R Idro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86737","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086737","article-title":"Clinical features and outcome in children with severe Plasmodium falciparum\n                    malaria: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"L Manning","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.57","article-title":"Gaps in the childhood malaria burden in Africa: cerebral malaria, neurological\n                    sequelae, anemia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, and complications of\n                    pregnancy","volume":"64","author":"S C Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1965","article-title":"Long-term Behavioral Problems in Children With Severe Malaria","author":"J M Ssenkusu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04653-9","article-title":"Association of severe malaria with cognitive and behavioural outcomes in low-\n                    and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"22","author":"A S Ssemata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02033-1","article-title":"Parenteral artemisinins are associated with reduced mortality and neurologic\n                    deficits and improved long-term behavioral outcomes in children with severe\n                    malaria","volume":"19","author":"A L Conroy","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.25646\/12884","article-title":"Zur Situation bei wichtigen Infektionskrankheiten \u2013 Importierte\n                    Infektionskrankheiten 2023","author":"G Falkenhorst","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epidemiologisches Bulletin"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3278-6","article-title":"Distribution of Anopheles vectors and potential malaria transmission stability\n                    in Europe and the Mediterranean area under future climate change","volume":"12","author":"E Hertig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-35939-w","article-title":"Projected health impact of post-discharge malaria chemoprevention among children\n                    with severe malarial anaemia in Africa","volume":"14","author":"L C Okell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2013.15.88.1897","article-title":"Neurological sequelae in survivors of cerebral malaria","volume":"15","author":"I O Oluwayemi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trv005","article-title":"Cerebral malaria as a risk factor for the development of epilepsy and other\n                    long-term neurological conditions: a meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"S S Christensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01579.x","article-title":"The effect of Plasmodium falciparum on cognition: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"M Kihara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02405-1","article-title":"\u201cWe can\u2019t handle things we don\u2019t know about\u201d: perceived neurorehabilitation\n                    challenges for Malawian paediatric cerebral malaria survivors","volume":"20","author":"A Boubour","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3181b0f01b","article-title":"Immediate neuropsychological and behavioral benefits of computerized cognitive\n                    rehabilitation in Ugandan pediatric cerebral malaria survivors","volume":"30","author":"P Bangirana","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13030313","article-title":"Barriers and Facilitators of Access to Healthcare Among Immigrants with\n                    Disabilities: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis","volume":"13","author":"P Ngondwe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.65103.x","article-title":"Increased prevalence of epilepsy associated with severe falciparum malaria in\n                    children","volume":"45","author":"J A Carter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.84.3.247","article-title":"Electroencephalographic and clinical features of cerebral malaria","volume":"84","author":"J Crawley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1307","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000207657","article-title":"Admission clinical and EEG features associated with mortality and long-term\n                    neurologic and cognitive outcomes in pediatric cerebral malaria","volume":"101","author":"D J Clark","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2021.10.012","article-title":"Using EEG in resource-limited areas: Comparing qualitative and quantitative\n                    interpretation methods in cerebral malaria","volume":"126","author":"A Andrews","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107536","article-title":"EEG markers predictive of epilepsy risk in pediatric cerebral malaria\u2014A\n                    feasibility study","volume":"113","author":"A A Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4628","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-10524-3","article-title":"Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"S Moors","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3035","article-title":"Acute brain MRI findings in 120 Malawian children with cerebral malaria: new\n                    insights into an ancient disease","volume":"33","author":"M J Potchen","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6159","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in a prospective cohort of children with cerebral\n                    malaria offers insights into pathophysiology and prognosis","volume":"40","author":"S M Moghaddam","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2713-2","article-title":"Brain magnetic resonance imaging in imported malaria","volume":"18","author":"A M Frolich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2009.12.005","article-title":"Reversible splenial lesion syndrome in cerebral malaria","volume":"37","author":"P Hantson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0665","article-title":"Transient lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum in acute uncomplicated\n                    falciparum malaria","volume":"90","author":"J Laothamatas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Klinische P\u00e4diatrie"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2784-6563.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T23:39:51Z","timestamp":1770421191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2784-6563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2784-6563","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8630","1439-3824"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8630","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3824","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]}}}