{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:21:44Z","timestamp":1788873704504,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02\/03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Res (Stuttg)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vitiligo is a cutaneous autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of\n                    epidermal melanocytes leading to white patches with a global prevalence of about\n                    0.5\u20132%, and patients\u2019 quality of life are greatly affected by the change in\n                    appearance and social discrimination caused by the disease. Most of the key\n                    cytokines in the pathogenesis of vitiligo act through the Janus kinase\/signal\n                    transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway, which is an\n                    effective therapeutic target. The first generation Janus kinase inhibitors,\n                    i.e., tofacitinib and ruxolitinib, inhibit a variety of Janus kinases, whereas\n                    the new generation Janus kinase inhibitors, such as ritlecitinib and\n                    upadacitinib, exhibit inhibitory effects only on specific Janus kinases; they\n                    are therefore selective as well as safer and more effective. In this review, we\n                    aim to provide an up-to-date view of vitiligo pathogenesis at the cellular,\n                    molecular, and genetic levels and further to elucidate the relationship between\n                    Janus kinase\/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway\n                    components and vitiligo. Finally, we summarize currently market-approved and\n                    preclinical Janus kinase inhibitors, highlighting the latest advances in their\n                    clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2784-6722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T23:50:40Z","timestamp":1770335440000},"page":"57-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Advances in Janus Kinase Inhibitors for Vitiligo Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Wanlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruizhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jijun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8555-0922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou hospital of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erxia","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1159\/000506103","article-title":"Vitiligo: A Review","volume":"236","author":"C Bergqvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4655","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-019-00329-y","article-title":"Scoping review on the use of drugs targeting JAK\/STAT pathway in atopic\n                    dermatitis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata","volume":"9","author":"A M Montilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104499","article-title":"FDA approves Ruxolitinib (Opzelura) for Vitiligo Therapy: A breakthrough in the\n                    field of dermatology","volume":"81","author":"A Sheikh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2005.01813.x","article-title":"Clinical profiles of vitiligo in China: an analysis of 3742 patients","volume":"30","author":"J-B Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.12.006","article-title":"Vitiligo: pathogenesis, clinical variants and treatment approaches","volume":"15","author":"G Iannella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Rev"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15743","article-title":"Vitiligo: a focus on pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications","volume":"48","author":"C Bergqvist","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.03.1142","article-title":"Harnessing the Power of Regenerative Therapy for Vitiligo and Alopecia\n                    Areata","volume":"140","author":"C C Barbulescu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.07.011","article-title":"Vitiligo: Mechanistic insights lead to novel treatments","volume":"140","author":"M L Frisoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-024-02522-3","article-title":"Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis on janus kinase inhibitors in\n                    the management of vitiligo","volume":"13","author":"S Prani\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-100919-023531","article-title":"Vitiligo: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Treatment","volume":"38","author":"M L Frisoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165186","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00752-6","article-title":"Vitiligo treatments: review of current therapeutic modalities and JAK\n                    inhibitors","volume":"24","author":"K N Cunningham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.0021","article-title":"Expert Recommendations on Use of Topical Therapeutics for Vitiligo in Pediatric,\n                    Adolescent, and Young Adult Patients","volume":"160","author":"Y Renert-Yuval","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005127","article-title":"Mutant HSP70 reverses autoimmune depigmentation in vitiligo","volume":"5","author":"J A Mosenson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.011","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced IL-15 trans-presentation in keratinocytes contributes\n                    to CD8(+) T cells activation via JAK-STAT pathway in vitiligo","volume":"139","author":"X Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2024-eular.618","article-title":"POS0899 FIRST-IN-HUMAN SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETICS, AND PHARMACODYNAMICS DATA WITH\n                    MK-6194, A MODIFIED FORM OF INTERLEUKIN-2, DESIGNED TO SELECTIVELY ACTIVATE\n                    REGULATORY T-CELLS \u2013 SINGLE ASCENDING DOSE AND MULTIPLE ASCENDING DOSE\n                    TRIALS","volume":"83","author":"J Scheid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheumatic Dis"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11429","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111429","article-title":"Role of cytokines in vitiligo: pathogenesis and possible targets for old and new\n                    treatments","volume":"22","author":"P Custurone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2021.09.008","article-title":"Update on the pathogenesis of vitiligo","volume":"97","author":"H Z Marchioro","year":"2022","journal-title":"An Brasileiros de Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.09.015","article-title":"Vitiligo skin T cells are prone to produce type 1 and type 2 cytokines to induce\n                    melanocyte dysfunction and epidermal inflammatory response through jak\n                    signaling","volume":"142","author":"C Martins","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2024.70.4.23","article-title":"Research progress of vitiligo repigmentation: from oxidative stress\n                    toautoimmunity","volume":"70","author":"T Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.10.048","article-title":"New discoveries in the pathogenesis and classification of vitiligo","volume":"77","author":"M Rodrigues","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabn9299","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn9299","article-title":"Altered epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and lipid composition: novel\n                    key elements in the vitiligo puzzle","volume":"8","author":"D Kovacs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.08.038","article-title":"Vitiligo Skin Is Imprinted with Resident Memory CD8 T Cells Expressing\n                    CXCR3","volume":"138","author":"K Boniface","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.11.36","article-title":"Interfering with the IFN-\u03b3\/CXCL10 pathway to develop new targeted treatments for\n                    vitiligo","volume":"3","author":"M Rashighi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_793_2023","article-title":"Differential expression of serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels in vitiligo patients\n                    and their correlation with disease severity and stability: A cross-sectional\n                    study","volume":"91","author":"S Aulakh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol, Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4409","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084409","article-title":"Pathogenesis of alopecia areata and vitiligo: commonalities and differences","volume":"25","author":"H L Yamaguchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17157","article-title":"Janus kinase inhibitors and the changing landscape of vitiligo management: a\n                    scoping review","volume":"63","author":"A Utama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91838","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.140","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of local JAK1 and JAK2 inhibition in cutaneous\n                    inflammation","volume":"131","author":"J S Fridman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5373","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S380686","article-title":"TYK2 in immune responses and treatment of psoriasis","volume":"15","author":"L Shang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00791-1","article-title":"The JAK\/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic","volume":"6","author":"X Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.31.1.100","article-title":"Basic mechanisms of JAK inhibition","volume":"31","author":"C M Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790125","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.790125","article-title":"Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Review","volume":"12","author":"F Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13113091","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the JAK\/STAT Pathway in Psoriasis: Focus on\n                    TYK2 Inhibition","volume":"13","author":"M Dragotto","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00726-8","article-title":"Janus kinase-targeting therapies in rheumatology: a mechanisms-based\n                    approach","volume":"18","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2023.152327","article-title":"JAK inhibitors: is specificity at all relevant?","volume":"64","author":"M Gadina","year":"2024","journal-title":"SemArthritis Rheumatism"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2022.2099835","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics of janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of atopic\n                    dermatitis","volume":"18","author":"L Calabrese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.12.005","article-title":"JAK inhibitors in dermatology: the promise of a new drug class","volume":"76","author":"W Damsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13071044","article-title":"Developing a JAK inhibitor for targeted local delivery: ruxolitinib cream","volume":"13","author":"P Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118828","article-title":"Two Phase 3, Randomized, Controlled Trials of Ruxolitinib Cream for\n                    Vitiligo","volume":"387","author":"D Rosmarin","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.05.047","article-title":"Efficacy of ruxolitinib cream in vitiligo by patient characteristics and\n                    affected body areas: Descriptive subgroup analyses from a phase 2, randomized,\n                    double-blind trial","volume":"86","author":"I Hamzavi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-024-02027-2","article-title":"Ruxolitinib Cream 1.5%: A Review in Non-Segmental Vitiligo","volume":"84","author":"C Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102655","article-title":"Once-daily upadacitinib versus placebo in adults with extensive non-segmental\n                    vitiligo: a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled,\n                    dose-ranging study","volume":"73","author":"T Passeron","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.2146\/news120088","article-title":"FDA approves tofacitinib for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"69","author":"K Traynor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.260","article-title":"Killing two birds with one stone: oral tofacitinib reverses alopecia universalis\n                    in a patient with plaque psoriasis","volume":"134","author":"B G Craiglow","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3645","article-title":"Alopecia areata is driven by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is reversed by JAK\n                    inhibition","volume":"20","author":"L Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000528180","article-title":"Prevalence of vitiligo among children and adolescents in the United States","volume":"239","author":"R Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_482_23","article-title":"Tofacitinib 2% gel in childhood vitiligo: report of a case of significant\n                    improvement","volume":"68","author":"A Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_515_23","article-title":"Use of oral tofacitinib in the treatment of pediatric vitiligo: a case\n                    series","volume":"69","author":"A Biswal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.043","article-title":"Repigmentation in vitiligo using the janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib may\n                    require concomitant light exposure","volume":"77","author":"L Y Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13290","article-title":"Oral tofacitinib: a promising treatment in atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata\n                    and vitiligo","volume":"42","author":"M Vu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1202117","article-title":"JAKs and STATs in immunity, immunodeficiency, and cancer","volume":"368","author":"J J O\u2019Shea","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13348","article-title":"Repigmentation of vitiligo with oral baricitinib","volume":"61","author":"B P Mumford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15593258221105370","article-title":"Baricitinib is effective in treating progressing vitiligo in vivo and in\n                    vitro","volume":"20","author":"J Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dose-Response"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S396430","article-title":"Excellent repigmentation of generalized vitiligo with oral baricitinib combined\n                    with NB-UVB phototherapy","volume":"16","author":"X Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin, Cosmetic Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-023-00892-5","article-title":"A review on the safety of using JAK inhibitors in dermatology clinical and\n                    laboratory monitoring","volume":"13","author":"C Samuel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2023.05.018","article-title":"Truncal acne following JAK inhibitor use in vitiligo with rare opportunistic\n                    fungal infections: Two case reports","volume":"37","author":"J Y Doh","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12020217","article-title":"Pathogenic Th2 Cytokine Profile Skewing by IFN-\u03b3-Responding Vitiligo Fibroblasts\n                    via CCL2\/CCL8","volume":"12","author":"R Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13572","article-title":"Two cases of vitiligo vulgaris treated with topical janus kinase inhibitor\n                    delgocitinib","volume":"62","author":"K Yagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.11.005","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral ritlecitinib for the treatment of active\n                    nonsegmental vitiligo: a randomized phase 2b clinical trial","volume":"88","author":"K Ezzedine","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15921","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of topical ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of vitiligo:\n                    a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"M Ehsan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.9b00188","article-title":"PF-06651600, a dual JAK3\/TEC family kinase inhibitor","volume":"14","author":"H Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.09.021","article-title":"Improvements in immune\/melanocyte biomarkers with JAK3\/TEC family kinase\n                    inhibitor ritlecitinib in vitiligo","volume":"153","author":"E Guttman-Yassky","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01211-z","article-title":"Upadacitinib: First Approval","volume":"79","author":"S Duggan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.07.1016","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of oral upadacitinib monotherapy in patients with\n                    recalcitrant vitiligo","volume":"89","author":"X Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S467026","article-title":"Treatment of refractory segmental vitiligo and alopecia areata in a child with\n                    upadacitinib and NB-UVB: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Y Mu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin, Cosmet Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-55923-w","article-title":"NKp46 enhances type 1 innate lymphoid cell proliferation and function and\n                    anti-acute myeloid leukemia activity","volume":"16","author":"R Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200873","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2023.2200873","article-title":"Concurrent vitiligo and atopic dermatitis successfully treated with\n                    upadacitinib: a case report","volume":"34","author":"T Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Dermatol Treat"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab129","article-title":"Therapeutic siRNAs Targeting the JAK\/STAT Signalling Pathway in Inflammatory\n                    Bowel Diseases","volume":"16","author":"F Cl\u00e9ment","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S210106","article-title":"Role of janus kinase 1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in\n                    vitiligo","volume":"12","author":"R M Samaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin, Cosmet Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-019-0254-4","article-title":"3-Deoxy-2\u03b2,16-dihydroxynagilactone E, a natural compound from Podocarpus nagi,\n                    preferentially inhibits JAK2\/STAT3 signaling by allosterically interacting with\n                    the regulatory domain of JAK2 and induces apoptosis of cancer cells","volume":"40","author":"H Shan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86134-4","article-title":"Integrative genetics and multiomics analysis reveal mechanisms and therapeutic\n                    targets in vitiligo highlighting JAK STAT pathway regulation of CTSS","volume":"15","author":"Z-y Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Drug Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2784-6722.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T23:30:27Z","timestamp":1773876627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2784-6722"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02\/03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2784-6722","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-9379","2194-9387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-9379","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-9387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]}}}