{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:09:26Z","timestamp":1778800166331,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a major cause of disability worldwide. Conventional pharmacological treatments offer limited benefits and carry potential risks, prompting interest in alternative approaches, including homeopathy.<\/jats:p>\n The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of a standardised homeopathic biotherapic (Lumbar Vertebra, LM2 potency) for CNSLBP.<\/jats:p>\n A randomised, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 120 participants diagnosed with CNSLBP. Participants received both the biotherapic and placebo in two treatment phases separated by a washout period. The primary outcome was pain intensity (numeric rating scale); secondary outcomes included functional disability (Oswestry Disability Index), adverse events and use of pain medications. Data were analysed using random effects generalised linear models.<\/jats:p>\n Both the biotherapic and placebo interventions led to significant within-group reductions in pain and disability (p\u2009=\u20090.001 and p\u2009<\u20090.001 respectively). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two interventions for either outcome (pain: p\u2009=\u20090.435; disability: p\u2009=\u20090.840). The magnitude of change in pain intensity did not reach the pre-defined minimal clinically important difference (MCID), and mean pain scores at the study endpoint remained above the inclusion threshold. Adverse events were mild and comparable across groups.<\/jats:p>\n No specific effect of the Lumbar Vertebra LM2 biotherapic was demonstrated. Improvements are likely due to non-specific effects such as the therapeutic environment, patient expectations and placebo response. Clinicians should consider the substantial role of non-specific responses in CNSLBP and avoid medications with unfavourable risk\u2013benefit profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2784-7891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:34:25Z","timestamp":1778798065000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Homeopathy for Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain: Randomised, Double-Blind, Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Efficacy of the Biotherapic Lumbar Vertebra (BIOVERT Trial)"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3236-8347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ubiratan Cardinalli","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maristela Schiabel","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deise Lilian Costa","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Health Unit, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Nelson Martins","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Health Unit, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoela Gomes","family":"Grossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Health Unit, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neli Aparecida Martins","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Health Unit, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edson Zangiacomi","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E128","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000005265","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 and Projections to 2050","volume":"50","author":"M 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