{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:03:09Z","timestamp":1780498989081,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic\n                    dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are increasingly concerning health\n                    issues, especially in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, where metabolic\n                    problems drive liver disease progression. While lifestyle changes remain\n                    essential, new drug strategies\u2014particularly sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter-2\n                    inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists\u2014have gained growing\n                    interest for their potential to protect the liver. This review examines how\n                    sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor\n                    agonists might help treat metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver\n                    disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, focusing on their\n                    mechanisms of action, study evidence, and results from meta-analyses. A thorough\n                    search of the literature found studies on how these drugs affect insulin\n                    sensitivity, liver fat, and inflammation. Preclinical models show that they can\n                    lower liver fat, reduce oxidative stress, and decrease fibrosis markers.\n                    Clinical trials and meta-analyses support their potential to improve liver\n                    enzyme levels, decrease liver fat, and slow fibrosis growth. Overall,\n                    sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor\n                    agonists appear promising in the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated\n                    steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis,\n                    especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Still, more long-term research\n                    studies are needed to confirm how well they work, how safe they are, and the\n                    best way to use them, either alone or in combination with other treatments.\n                    These drugs may represent important advances in the treatment of liver diseases\n                    linked to metabolic problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2787-1205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T23:42:15Z","timestamp":1770334935000},"page":"81-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Sodium\u2013Glucose Cotransporter-2\n                    Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Metabolic\n                    Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Metabolic\n                    Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A\n                    Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Sulthan","family":"Al Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences\n                    (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Suriyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Gastroenterology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical\n                    Sciences (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Bilal Azam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Gastroenterology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical\n                    Sciences (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1125-7800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajkapoor","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher\n                    Education, Coimbatore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naina Mohamed","family":"Pakkir Maideen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy practice, Mohammed Bin\n                    Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab\n                    Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumarappan","family":"Chidambaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi\n                    Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palanisamy","family":"Amirthalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi\n                    Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes23052","article-title":"Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A\n                    State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"32","author":"W K Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Obes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_585_17","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"22","author":"M Dharmalingam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","first-page":"101","article-title":"Fatty liver disease in diabetes mellitus","volume":"4","author":"H B Bhatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16020259","article-title":"MASLD and the Development of HCC: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Challenges","volume":"16","author":"AG S Phoolchund","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2019.12.05","article-title":"Pathogenesis and pathways: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease & alcoholic\n                    liver disease","volume":"5","author":"K E Robinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12040826","article-title":"NAFLD in the 21st Century: Current Knowledge Regarding Its Pathogenesis,\n                    Diagnosis and Therapeutics","volume":"12","author":"D Kounatidis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0571","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000571","article-title":"Clinical care guidance in patients with diabetes and metabolic\n                    dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A joint consensus","volume":"8","author":"J F Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12508","article-title":"Exploring the links between types 2 diabetes and liver-related complications: A\n                    comprehensive review","volume":"12","author":"L Otero Sanchez","year":"2024","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Practice\n                    Guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"N Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2017-000139","article-title":"Efficacy of dietary and physical activity intervention in non-alcoholic fatty\n                    liver disease: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"S Kenneally","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ open gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.01.019","article-title":"Fructose and sugar: A major mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"68","author":"T Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15024","article-title":"Diet and exercise in NAFLD\/NASH: Beyond the obvious","volume":"41","author":"G Semmler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.17925\/EE.2023.19.1.60","article-title":"Resmetirom: An Orally Administered, Small-molecule, Liver-directed, \u03b2-selective\n                    THR Agonist for the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and\n                    Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"19","author":"G Karim","year":"2023","journal-title":"touchREV Endocrinol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31843","article-title":"Saroglitazar, a PPAR-\u03b1\/\u03b3 Agonist, for Treatment of NAFLD: A Randomized\n                    Controlled Double-Blind Phase 2 Trial","volume":"74","author":"S Gawrieh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183791","article-title":"Combination Treatment with Hydroxytyrosol and Vitamin E Improves NAFLD-Related\n                    Fibrosis","volume":"14","author":"N Panera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15146","article-title":"Combined therapy with pioglitazone and FGF21 mRNA synergistically ameliorates\n                    metabolic disorders in NAFLD rats","volume":"9","author":"X Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010037","article-title":"Anti-nash drug development hitches a lift on PPAR agonism","volume":"9","author":"J Boeckmans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867330666230106103202","article-title":"Tirzepatide for Diabetes and Obesity: A New Window to the Treatment of\n                    Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"30","author":"S A Polyzos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063107","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors in NAFLD: expanding their role beyond diabetes and\n                    cardioprotection","volume":"23","author":"T Androutsakos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2023.108558","article-title":"Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on liver fibrosis in\n                    non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an\n                    updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"37","author":"Z Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073651","article-title":"An overview of the cardiorenal protective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors","volume":"23","author":"T Salvatore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpae092","article-title":"State-of-the-art-review: mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors and clinical\n                    implications","volume":"37","author":"V Vallon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.512","article-title":"Glucose dynamics and mechanistic implications of SGLT2 inhibitors in animals and\n                    humans","volume":"120","author":"J F List","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12755","article-title":"Weight loss associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition: a review\n                    of evidence and underlying mechanisms","volume":"19","author":"P C Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13309","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors for genetic and acquired insulin resistance: considerations for\n                    clinical use","volume":"11","author":"Y Hosokawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-01092-z","article-title":"Efficacy and safety evaluation of SGLT2i on blood pressure control in patients\n                    with type 2 diabetes and hypertension: a new meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008922","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1008922","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory role of SGLT2 inhibitors as part of their anti-atherosclerotic\n                    activity: data from basic science and clinical trials","volume":"9","author":"L Scisciola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e521","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2023.128","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors for cardioprotection","volume":"38","author":"S Al Rashid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635556","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.635556","article-title":"Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on type 2 diabetes mellitus with non-alcoholic fatty\n                    liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Q Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6561","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206561","article-title":"Biomarkers for assessing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type\n                    2 diabetes mellitus on sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor therapy","volume":"12","author":"F Khaznadar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2807134","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review","volume":"28","author":"R Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i26.3243","article-title":"Impact of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on liver\n                    steatosis\/fibrosis\/inflammation and redox balance in non-alcoholic fatty liver\n                    disease","volume":"28","author":"F Bellanti","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155657","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin downregulates miRNA-34a-5p and targets GREM2 to\n                    inactivate hepatic stellate cells and ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver\n                    disease-associated fibrosis","volume":"146","author":"Y Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110536","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1110536","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:\n                    effects of current treatments and future strategies","volume":"10","author":"M Maestri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589273","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.589273","article-title":"Dapagliflozin alleviates hepatic steatosis by restoring autophagy via the\n                    AMPK-mTOR pathway","volume":"12","author":"L Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01325-9","article-title":"Research advances in the anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT inhibitors in type 2\n                    diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"R Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051032","article-title":"Empagliflozin reduces the progression of hepatic fibrosis in a mouse model and\n                    inhibits the activation of hepatic stellate cells via the Hippo signalling\n                    pathway","volume":"10","author":"Y J Heo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref39","first-page":"288","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors improve liver enzymes in patients with\n                    co-existing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"W Amjad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prz Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52603-5","article-title":"Efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on hepatic fibrosis and\n                    steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an updated systematic review and\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"AM C Ong Lopez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Hormone and Metabolic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2787-1205.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:52:15Z","timestamp":1773791535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2787-1205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2787-1205","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-5043","1439-4286"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-5043","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-4286","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]}}}