{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:02:44Z","timestamp":1785214964437,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous (IV) glucagon infusion in the management of neonatal hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective case\u2013control study included IDMs treated for hypoglycemia at Turku University Hospital, Finland, over 11 years. Sixteen infants received IV glucose and continuous IV glucagon, while 26 matched controls received IV glucose only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Prior to glucagon initiation, cases had higher IV glucose requirements and lower plasma glucose levels than controls. Following infusion, plasma glucose normalized rapidly. The mean (SD) duration of glucagon treatment was 5.6 (1.2) days. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in cases (mean\u2009=\u200935.0\u2009kg\/m2 [SD\u2009=\u20098.2\u2009kg\/m2]) than in controls (mean\u2009=\u200927.6\u2009kg\/m2 [SD\u2009=\u20097.1\u2009kg\/m2]), p\u2009=\u20090.006. No significant differences in adverse effects were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Continuous IV glucagon infusion is an effective and safe treatment for refractory hypoglycemia in IDMs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2788-2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:48:28Z","timestamp":1769730508000},"page":"1502-1507","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intravenous Glucagon Infusion in the Management of Hypoglycemia in Infants of Diabetic Mothers"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Raakel","family":"Luoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Lappalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harri","family":"Niinikoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalle","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000319","article-title":"Neonatal hypoglycemia","volume":"28","author":"D H Adamkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxz134","article-title":"The screening and management of newborns at risk for low blood glucose","volume":"24","author":"M R Narvey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01700-7","article-title":"Risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia: A meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"D Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1159\/000492859","article-title":"Neonatal glycaemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"115","author":"R Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30387-4","article-title":"Strategies to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in babies at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia","volume":"5","author":"J M Alsweiler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179102","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1179102","article-title":"Neonatal hypoglycemia: Lack of evidence for a safe management","volume":"14","author":"M Roeper","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06082-z","article-title":"Exploring the long-term impacts of neonatal hypoglycemia to determine a safe threshold for glucose concentrations","volume":"184","author":"M Garg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-025-02387-x","article-title":"Effectiveness of oral dextrose gel for neonates at risk of hypoglycemia: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment of randomized controlled trials","volume":"45","author":"G Sivakumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"592","article-title":"Studies of carbohydrate metabolism in the newborn infant. 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