{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:47:11Z","timestamp":1776725231221,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Purpose To evaluate the incidence of bleeding complications of oculoplastic procedures performed under antithrombotic therapy and local anaesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Materials and Methods A prospective study of patients on antithrombotics undergoing pre-septal and post-septal oculoplastic procedures under local anaesthesia over a 12-month period. The type of antithrombotic, surgical details, intra and post-operative complications were documented. Exclusion criteria were high bleeding\u2013risk procedures, such as orbital surgery and dacryocystorhinostomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results 302 patients were included, mean age was 70.7\u2009\u00b1\u200914.7. years (19\u200a\u2013\u200a98). 77 patients (25.5%) on antithrombotics were advised to continue their medication prior to surgery. The types of antithrombotics taken by patients at the time of surgery were 60.9% antiplatelets, 33.3% anticoagulants and 5.8% combination therapy. Amongst patients who continued taking their oral antithrombotic medications, there was no major intraoperative or perioperative bleeding complications, and no patients required additional surgical or medical reintervention. One self-resolving postoperative bleed occurred after upper-lid blepharoplasty in a patient on aspirin and rivaroxaban. Bleeding rates did not differ between patients who continued antithrombotics and those not receiving antithrombotics (p\u2009=\u20091.00).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion This study found no incidence of severe bleeding complications in oculoplastic procedures among patients continuing anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, consistent with existing literature. Continuation of anticoagulants and antiplatelets appears safe for selected procedures, simplifying patient management and minimizing thromboembolic risk. Emphasis should be placed on meticulous intraoperative haemostasis rather than discontinuation of antithrombotic therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2788-5362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:17:54Z","timestamp":1770855474000},"page":"282-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the Safety of Eyelid Surgery in Patients on Antithrombotic Therapy: Empirical Evidence Supporting Favourable Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Clarice","family":"Giacuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Chelmsford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Magid","family":"Wanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend-on-sea, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee Teak","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Chelmsford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed","family":"Ghazi-nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Chelmsford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000187","article-title":"Perioperative management of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in oculoplastic surgery","volume":"26","author":"E S Esparaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin 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anticoagulants and oculoplastic surgery","volume":"49","author":"E Ing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2024-326553","article-title":"Risk factors for bleeding and perioperative bleeding complications in oculoplastic surgery: a prospective pilot study","volume":"108","author":"N A Christensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12162","article-title":"Postoperative haemorrhage in powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy","volume":"42","author":"N Andrew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S19455","article-title":"A comparison of external and endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy for acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction","volume":"5","author":"R Karim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.01.030","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and management of blindness after orbital surgery","volume":"125","author":"S M Jacobs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3826","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac270","article-title":"2022 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery","volume":"43","author":"S Halvorsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0382-6","article-title":"Peri-operative management of ophthalmic patients on anti-thrombotic agents: a literature review","volume":"33","author":"A K Makuloluwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X10391212","article-title":"Visual loss after blepharoplasty: incidence, management, and preventive measures","volume":"31","author":"J D Mejia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.11.041","article-title":"Coronary syndromes following aspirin withdrawal: a special risk for late stent thrombosis","volume":"45","author":"E Ferrari","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820d62b5","article-title":"Increased risk of stroke after discontinuation of acetylsalicylic acid: a UK primary care study","volume":"76","author":"L A Garc\u00eda Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr454","article-title":"Increased short-term risk of thromboembolism or death after interruption of warfarin treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"33","author":"J Rauns\u00f8","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2018.06.029","article-title":"Perioperative interruption of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"172","author":"J R Shaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb Res"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr 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