{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:03:14Z","timestamp":1789772594584,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","funder":[{"name":"IVC Evidensia","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/002cx2f43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>(1) To describe and compare the morphometric changes of the tibia following four virtual proximal tibial osteotomies for treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament deficiency and (2) to determine how these changes are affected by the initial tibial plateau angle (TPA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 30 mediolateral radiographic views of canine stifle were selected. A dedicated radiographic digital planning software was used to virtually perform four osteotomy techniques for each case: tibia plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO), cranial closing wedge osteotomy (CCWO), modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy (mCCWO), and centre of rotation of angulation-based levelling osteotomy (CBLO). Changes in tibial length, anatomical\u2013mechanical axis angle (AMA angle), proximal tibial angulation, and patellar ligament insertion point were measured and compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>All the parameters evaluated were significantly affected by the osteotomy technique and the initial TPA. Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD of tibial length pre-simulation was 174.2\u2009\u00b1\u200923.6\u2009mm, and the largest significant reduction was observed after mCCWO (169.6\u2009\u00b1\u200923.3\u2009mm) (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD of AMA angle pre-simulation was 3.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009degrees and a significant reduction was observed after CCWO (1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16\u2009degrees) (P\u2009=\u20090.0782), but there was no significant difference among treatments. Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD of the distal tibia axis\/proximal tibial axis (DTA\/PTA) angle pre-simulation was 4.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u2009degrees, and the biggest significant reduction was seen with CBLO (\u221210.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.65) (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The cranial and distal shift of the patellar ligament insertion point was significant after CCWO (P\u2009=\u20090.0004, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 respectively), mCCWO (P\u2009=\u20090.0001, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 respectively), and CBLO (P\u2009=\u20090.03, P\u2009=\u20090.0006 respectively) osteotomy techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Proximal tibial osteotomy techniques cause morphometric changes of the tibia, and a steeper TPA exacerbates these changes. TPLO caused the fewest morphometric changes. Further investigations are warranted to understand the clinical implications on the biomechanics of the stifle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2789-2371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T23:49:32Z","timestamp":1770076172000},"page":"306-313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Silico Morphometric Analysis of the Tibia Following Four Virtual Proximal Levelling Osteotomies for the Treatment of Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"de Marcos Carpio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"de Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Surgery, Veterios, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Vallefuoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Surgery Department, Scarsdale Vets Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00361.x","article-title":"Tibial osteotomies for cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs","volume":"37","author":"S E Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1633097","article-title":"Incidence of canine appendicular musculoskeletal disorders in 16 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980 through 1989","volume":"7","author":"J A 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cruciate ligament-deficient stifles with excessive tibial plateau angle","volume":"35","author":"M B Talaat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2002.tb00009.x","article-title":"Caudal proximal tibial deformity and cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small-breed dogs","volume":"43","author":"C Macias","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and 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