{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:27:51Z","timestamp":1786750071752,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Unilateral monosegmental radiculopathy, caused by foraminal soft disc nerve root compression, can be treated with posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF). Conventional fluoroscopy is widely used for level localization and verifying decompression extent intraoperatively. However, the failure rate increases, especially in obese patients and the lower cervical spine. Can intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) navigation improve outcomes in PCF compared with conventional fluoroscopy?<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this retrospective study, we analyzed two groups: 42 patients (mean age: 54\u2009\u00b1\u200910 years) who underwent PCF using intraoperative 3D navigation (study group) and 63 patients (mean age: 51\u2009\u00b1\u200911 years) who underwent PCF with conventional fluoroscopy (control group). Each cohort was divided into upper (C3\u2013C6) and lower cervical spine (C6\u2013T1) subgroups. Differences were explored by Mann\u2013Whitney U and Friedman tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Both groups experienced significant postoperative symptom improvement, with no significant neurological differences. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences between surgeries in the upper (C3\u2013C6) and lower (C6\u2013T1) cervical spine. Only blood loss in the C3\u2013C6 group differed significantly between control and study groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Intraoperative 3D navigation was successfully used for PCF, resulting in significant symptom relief. Outcomes after PCF with 3D navigation appeared comparable to those achieved with conventional fluoroscopy, without statistical evidence of a clear advantage. Thus, technical complexity should be considered when selecting the surgical method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2790-3799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T22:47:31Z","timestamp":1782946051000},"page":"346-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating Three-Dimensional Navigation versus Conventional Fluoroscopy for Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy: An Exploratory Cohort Comparison"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Blume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Bitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Neuwerk Hospital M\u00f6nchengladbach, M\u00f6nchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Wapenhans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Neuwerk Hospital M\u00f6nchengladbach, M\u00f6nchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Weidle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Neuwerk Hospital M\u00f6nchengladbach, M\u00f6nchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"J\u00fctten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Pishnamaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1855-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Romagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, M\u00fcnchen Klinik Bogenhausen, Munich, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5907-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulf","family":"Bertram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Andreas","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Clusmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6293-0025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias Philip","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, 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