{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:04:42Z","timestamp":1790665482573,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Purpose Systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE) is a connective tissue disorder with multisystem involvement that leads to an immune complex-mediated angiopathy with deposition in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels. The purpose of this study was to analyse the retinal vasculature, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods This is a single-institution cross-sectional study. Macular OCTA images (6\u2009\u00d7\u20096 and 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093\u2009mm) were acquired in healthy controls (HC) and patients with SLE. En face images of the retinal vasculature were generated from the superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP\/DCP). The vessel density (VD) and vessel length density (VLD) were measured by previously published methods. VD was assessed as the ratio of the retinal area occupied by vessels. VLD was measured as the total length of the skeletonised vessels using 1-pixel center line extraction of the blood vessels. Quantitative analysis of the VD, VLD, and the foveal avascular zone FAZ was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results 25 patients (49 eyes) with clinically established SLE and 80 eyes of 66 healthy controls (HC) were included. Among the patients with SLE, the mean age was 41.47 (\u00b1\u20099.27\u2009SD) years with 92% female patients and in the healthy individuals 37.1 years (\u00b1\u200914.33\u2009SD) with 56% female patients. The mean VD of the SCP in the SLE-group was 0.34\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02, the VLD of SCP was 17.08\u2009\u00b1\u20091.58\u2009mm\u22121, the VD of DCP was 0.28\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03 and the VLD of DCP was 14.21\u2009\u00b1\u20091.76\u2009mm\u22121 in the 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093\u2009mm scans. In the control group, the mean VD of SCP was 0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03, the VLD of SCP was 17.50\u2009\u00b1\u20091.97\u2009mm\u22121, the VD of DCP was 0.31\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 and the VLD of DCP was 15.86\u2009\u00b1\u20094.19\u2009mm\u22121. There was a statistically significant reduction in both VD of SCP and DCP and of the VLD of the SCP in SLE group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared to controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions Swept-source OCTA of the microcirculation in eyes of patients with SLE can be used to quantitatively demonstrate a reduction in VD in SCP and DCP and VLD in SCP compared to healthy eyes. The reduction of the capillary network in the superficial and deep capillary plexus indicates an association with SLE disease status and future longitudinal studies may use these metrics to evaluate changes over time and its correlation to disease severity. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the relevance of these microvascular alterations in the setting of SLE and its correlation to disease severity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2792-0840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:34:26Z","timestamp":1776724466000},"page":"418-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematodes"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"243","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7561-1805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian Robert Justus","family":"Wiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9804-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Fasler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Trunfio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario Damiano","family":"Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Chair and Department of General and Paediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Zweifel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20210076","article-title":"Lupus retinopathy: epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"84","author":"L GB Azevedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-017-0479-9","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematodes and ocular involvement: an overview","volume":"18","author":"R Dammacco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928","article-title":"Updating the American college of rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematodes","volume":"40","author":"M C Hochberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101","article-title":"The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematodes","volume":"25","author":"E M Tan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/09273940490895308","article-title":"Clinical mini-review: systemic lupus erythematodes and the eye","volume":"12","author":"R Read","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2015.06.003","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematodes: An update for ophthalmologists","volume":"61","author":"E Papagiannuli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3283126d34","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematodes","volume":"19","author":"J B Davies","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1159\/000488950","article-title":"Evidence for the Detection of Subclinical Retinal Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematodes and Sj\u00f6gren Syndrome: A Potential Association with Therapies","volume":"177","author":"P Conigliaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.3616","article-title":"Retinal Vascular Layers Imaged by Fluorescein Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"133","author":"R F Spaide","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10051093","article-title":"Globotrioasylsphingosine Levels and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Fabry Disease Patients","volume":"10","author":"M RJ Wiest","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100964","article-title":"The Artifacts in Macular and Peripapillary OCT Angiography in Patients with Different Severities of Glaucoma","volume":"6","author":"Y Hsia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03581-0","article-title":"Enhancing systemic lupus erythematodes treatment outcomes with an early initiation of belimumab: insights from a multicenter retrospective study within the first five years","volume":"27","author":"K Kojima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-025-00677-2","article-title":"Assessment of retinal microvascular changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematodes using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"11","author":"A I Basiony","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitr"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"581","article-title":"Assessment of microvascular involvement in lupus nephritis patients by retinal OCT-angiography and kidney biopsies","volume":"41","author":"P Conigliaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5548","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22036","article-title":"Quantitative Analysis of Three Distinct Retinal Capillary Plexuses in Healthy Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"58","author":"S T Garrity","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319717715964","article-title":"Increased Pulse Wave Velocity in Systemic Lupus Erythematodes: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"69","author":"P Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13072140","article-title":"Accumulation of Microvascular Target Organ Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematodes Patients Is Associated with Increased Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"13","author":"N Koletsos","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_740_23","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography parameters in patients taking hydroxychloroquine therapy","volume":"71","author":"J B Vasilijevi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2792-0840.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:35:16Z","timestamp":1776724516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2792-0840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2792-0840","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3999","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}