{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T02:11:23Z","timestamp":1772244683665,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of parafollicular\n                    C-cells. Calcitonin is the primary tumor marker but presents several\n                    limitations, including assay variability and false positives in renal\n                    dysfunction, proton pump inhibitor use and smoking. Procalcitonin may offer\n                    advantages in stability and specificity. To evaluate the diagnostic performance\n                    of procalcitonin compared to calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients\n                    with medullary thyroid carcinoma, we conducted a retrospective study of 60\n                    patients with histologically confirmed medullary thyroid carcinoma at a single\n                    endocrine center. Calcitonin, procalcitonin, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels\n                    were analyzed pre- and postoperatively over a 4-year period (2015\u20132019).\n                    Statistical analyses included Spearman\u2019s correlation and receiver operating\n                    characteristic curve analysis. Subgroup analyses examined the effects of renal\n                    dysfunction, proton pump inhibitors, and smoking. Calcitonin and procalcitonin\n                    showed a strong correlation (r=0.874 and p&lt;0.001).\n                    Procalcitonin maintained high specificity and sensitivity (area under the\n                    curve&gt;0.95 across all years) and remained unaffected by the proton pump\n                    inhibitor use or renal impairment. Carcinoembryonic antigen correlated with\n                    tumor progression but lacked sufficient specificity alone. The combined use of\n                    calcitonin and procalcitonin improved diagnostic accuracy. In all patients with\n                    detectable tumor burden, procalcitonin was positive. False-positive calcitonin\n                    results were observed in patients without evidence of active diseases but with\n                    renal dysfunction or proton pump inhibitor use; procalcitonin remained negative\n                    in these cases. Procalcitonin is a reliable tumor marker for medullary thyroid\n                    carcinoma, especially in postoperative surveillance. Its stability and\n                    independence from common confounders make it a valuable complement to\n                    calcitonin. The combined assessment of calcitonin and procalcitonin enhances\n                    diagnostic performance and should be considered in routine clinical\n                    practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2794-3447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T23:42:15Z","timestamp":1770334935000},"page":"63-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Procalcitonin as a Tumour Marker in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A\n                    Comparative Study with Calcitonin and Carcinoembryonic Antigen"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Kopanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and\n                    Infectiology, Klinikum Bielefeld, Klinikum Bielefeld gemGmbH, Bielefeld,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Hossam","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine & Gastroenterology, Independent Consultant, Marl,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra Nicole","family":"Scheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and\n                    Infectiology, Klinikum Bielefeld, Medical School and University Medical Centre\n                    East Westphalia-Lippe Bielefeld University, Germany, Klinikum Bielefeld gemGmbH,\n                    Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wehmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics,\n                    Microbiology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center OWL, Bielefeld,\n                    Germany, Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Feldkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Infectiology,\n                    Klinikum Bielefeld, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2021.153694","article-title":"Utilizing the circulating tumor markers in diagnosis and management of medullary\n                    thyroid cancer","volume":"229","author":"M Zarkesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2017.0038","article-title":"Diagnostic value of selected biochemical markers in the detection of recurrence\n                    of medullary thyroid cancer - Comparison of calcitonin, procalcitonin,\n                    chromogranin A, and carcinoembryonic antigen","volume":"68","author":"K Woli\u0144ski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0335","article-title":"Revised American thyroid association guidelines for the management of medullary\n                    thyroid carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"S A Wells","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.23736\/S0391-1977.16.02579-7","article-title":"Novel acquisitions in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"P Trimboli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1773-1127","article-title":"Diagnostic Utility of Procalcitonin for Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in\n                    Patients with Nodular Disease and Mild or Moderate Hypercalcitoninemia","volume":"54","author":"P W Rosario","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22542-5_10","article-title":"Long-term follow-up in medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"204","author":"F Raue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03913-1","article-title":"Clarification on the role of thyroid scintigraphy in the era of TIRADS: a\n                    response to Trimboli et al. (2024)","volume":"86","author":"SE M Ordoulidis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1159\/000515373","article-title":"Diagnostic Challenges of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma","volume":"99","author":"R D Leimbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol Switz"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0610","article-title":"Comparison of serum calcitonin and procalcitonin in detecting medullary thyroid\n                    carcinoma among patients with thyroid nodules","volume":"51","author":"L Giovanella","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"213","article-title":"Negative predictive value of procalcitonin in medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"72","author":"S K Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Biol Clin 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serum procalcitonin for screening and risk stratification of\n                    medullary thyroid cancer","volume":"99","author":"A Machens","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2021-0428","article-title":"Procalcitonin measured by three different assays is an excellent tumor marker\n                    for the follow-up of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"59","author":"J Kratzsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/1724600817747518","article-title":"Procalcitonin as a postoperative marker in the follow-up of patients affected by\n                    medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"33","author":"P Trimboli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biol Markers"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754565","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.754565","article-title":"Basal and Calcium-Stimulated Procalcitonin for the Diagnosis of Medullary\n                    Thyroid Cancers: Lights and Shadows","volume":"12","author":"S Censi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503768499716","article-title":"Calcitonin precursor levels in human medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"H Bihan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1862","article-title":"Procalcitonin: A marker for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with\n                    medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"94","author":"A Algeciras-Schimnich","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0130999","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130999","article-title":"Role of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 in predicting cancer, and its\n                    progression independent of infection","volume":"10","author":"A M Chaftari","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22542-5_5","article-title":"Calcitonin as biomarker for the medullary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"204","author":"Y J Bae","year":"2015","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0367-2","article-title":"Calcitonin negative Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A challenging diagnosis or a\n                    medical dilemma?","volume":"19","author":"C Gambardella","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"3634","article-title":"Procalcitonin as an Alternative Tumor Marker of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma","volume":"106","author":"L Giovanella","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvac009","article-title":"Other markers of medullary thyroid cancer, not only calcitonin","volume":"188","author":"S Censi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Hormone and Metabolic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2794-3447.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T01:30:11Z","timestamp":1772242211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2794-3447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2794-3447","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-5043","1439-4286"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-5043","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-4286","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}}}