{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:47:04Z","timestamp":1776725224087,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We report the case of a 48-year-old Caucasian male who presented with progressive bilateral visual decline over more than three months. He was diagnosed with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria, based on characteristic fundus findings and HLA-A29 positivity. Laboratory investigations, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and soluble IL-2 receptor levels, were within normal limits and infectious serologies were negative. Thoracic imaging by computed tomography showed no signs suggestive of sarcoidosis or infection, and pulmonary function testing was normal. Systemic corticosteroids combined with methotrexate improved vitritis but left cystoid macular edema (CME) largely unchanged, especially in the right eye. Therapy was therefore switched to mycophenolate mofetil and adalimumab, which produced a marked reduction of CME, although some cystic changes persisted. This case highlights the therapeutic\n          challenges in the real-world management of BSCR complicated by persistent CME. Even with reduction of intraocular inflammation, CME may remain resistant to systemic corticosteroids alone, particularly in patients presenting late in the disease course. Early diagnosis, exclusion of systemic mimics, and a flexible, imaging-guided approach to treatment are essential for optimising visual prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2795-6069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T23:53:24Z","timestamp":1771890804000},"page":"457-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Birdshot Chorioretinopathy with Cystoid Macular Oedema"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"243","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2817-5630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Valmaggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8826-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan","family":"Loeliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2356-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oussama","family":"Habra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJO.2025.06.029","article-title":"Evidence and Consensus-based Imaging Guidelines in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: Multimodal Imaging in Uveitis (MUV) Taskforce Report 8","volume":"278","author":"F Pichi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4772","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM11164772","article-title":"Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: A Review","volume":"11","author":"E Bousquet","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJO.2021.03.059","article-title":"Classification Criteria for Birdshot Chorioretinitis","volume":"228","author":"Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PRETEYERES.2014.11.003","article-title":"The immunopathogenesis of birdshot chorioretinopathy; a bird of many feathers","volume":"44","author":"J Kuiper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1167\/IOVS.62.14.3","article-title":"ERAP1, ERAP2, and Two Copies of HLA-Aw19 Alleles Increase the Risk for Birdshot Chorioretinopathy in HLA-A29 Carriers","volume":"62","author":"S Gelfman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2016.1231331","article-title":"Efficacy of Anti-IL6-Receptor Tocilizumab in Refractory Cystoid Macular Edema of Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy Report of Two Cases and Literature Review","volume":"25","author":"V Calvo-R\u00edo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/BJOPHTHALMOL-2014-305535","article-title":"Mycophenolic acid in the treatment of birdshot chorioretinopathy: long-term follow-up","volume":"99","author":"D Doycheva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e326440","DOI":"10.1136\/BJO-2024-326440","article-title":"Peripapillary atrophy in patients with birdshot chorioretinitis","volume":"109","author":"T Ferreira de Moura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5288","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM12165288","article-title":"Long-Term Outcomes of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Treated with Corticosteroids: A Case Reports","volume":"12","author":"D Ferracci","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S54832","article-title":"Birdshot uveitis: current and emerging treatment options","volume":"8","author":"V Menezo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2795-6069.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:34:48Z","timestamp":1776724488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2795-6069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2795-6069","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3999","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]}}}