{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:36Z","timestamp":1790726436408,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Association of Thailand","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/039q9qj95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tonsillectomy is a common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and remains one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide. However, postoperative morbidity is a persistent clinical concern. Intratonsillar steroid injection may offer a non-surgical alternative by reducing the size of hypertrophic palatine tonsils.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intratonsillar steroid injections compared to intralesional injections of normal saline solution (NSS) in tonsillar hypertrophy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective study (Randomized control trial)<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this randomized controlled trial, 19 participants (38 tonsils) were assigned to four groups receiving intratonsillar injections of triamcinolone acetonide (TA, 40\u2009mg\/mL, 1\u2009mL) or NSS (1\u2009mL). Nine participants received multiple injections at weeks 0, 4, and 8; ten received a single injection. Tonsil size was measured before each injection to assess the clinical efficacy of reducing palatine tonsil size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>There was a significant reduction in tonsil size after steroid injections, with a statistically significant difference observed only in the multiple steroid injection group (p-value\u2009=\u20090.04). The steroid injection group experienced slightly more pain compared to the NSS injection group, however, no severe adverse effects were observed in either group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Intratonsillar steroid injections effectively reduced the size of palatine tonsils compared with NSS injections. Repeated steroid injections were more effective than a single injection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2798-2798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:08:56Z","timestamp":1790723336000},"page":"001-006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of Intratonsillar Steroid Injection for Reducing Palatine Tonsil Size in Tonsillar Hypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6302-0223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arunrat","family":"Dumkliang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Thungsong Hospital, Thungsong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekachai","family":"Dumkliang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"571","volume-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial pathology","author":"B W Neville","year":"2009"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.12.005","article-title":"Apoptosis in chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy","volume":"79","author":"M \u00d6nal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043104","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death","volume":"353","author":"H K Yaggi","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref4","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Sleep apnea as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality: the Busselton Health Study","volume":"31","author":"N S Marshall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref5","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing and mortality: eighteen-year follow-up of the Wisconsin sleep cohort","volume":"31","author":"T Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"2782","volume-title":"Woolley, Brain J. 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