{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:44:23Z","timestamp":1785545063983,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"09","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The R577X polymorphism in the \u03b1-actinin-3 gene (ACTN3) influences\nthe expression of \u03b1-actinin-3, and previous studies have reported its\nassociation with muscle strength and power performance. This systematic review\nand meta-analysis aimed to clarify the relationship between the ACTN3 R577X\npolymorphism and various indicators of muscle strength and power. A systematic\nsearch of PubMed and Web of Science was conducted on 15 October 2025, and\nstudies were included if they were published in English, involved healthy human\nparticipants, assessed muscle function, and analyzed the ACTN3 R577X genotype.\nMuscle function outcomes examined in this review included maximum voluntary\ncontraction, one-repetition maximum, isokinetic strength, jump performance,\nsprint performance, Wingate test, chair stand test, and walking test.\nFifty-three articles were included in the meta-analysis. One-repetition maximum,\nmaximum voluntary contraction and jump performance showed a significant\nassociation with the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in the additive model and were\nhigher for the RR, RX and XX genotypes (one-repetition maximum:\np\u2009=\u20090.005, maximum voluntary contraction: p\u2009=\u20090.006, and jump\nperformance: p\u2009=\u20090.003). There was no significant association between the\nACTN3 R577X polymorphism and other measurements. This study suggests that the\nACTN3 R577X polymorphism is associated with one-repetition maximum, maximum\nvoluntary contraction, and jump performance in the additive model and the impact\nmay be stronger among men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2799-1026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:25:32Z","timestamp":1772065532000},"page":"657-669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of the ACTN3 Genotype with Muscle Function: A Systematic\nReview and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Mika","family":"Kamiya-Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University,\nTokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Zempo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University\nof Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen Yasmin","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon\nSport Science University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Homma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon\nSport Science University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukina","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon\nSport Science University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, Kyorin University, Tokyo,\nJapan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayumu","family":"Kozuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon\nSport Science University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sora","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon\nSport Science University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University,\nTokyo, Japan."},{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon\nSport Science University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001448","article-title":"Associations of muscle mass and strength with all-cause mortality among US older\nadults","volume":"50","author":"R Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k1651","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1651","article-title":"Associations of grip strength with cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer\noutcomes and all cause mortality: prospective cohort study of half a million UK\nBiobank participants","volume":"361","author":"C A Celis-Morales","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12804","article-title":"Heritability estimates of muscle strength-related phenotypes: a systematic\nreview and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"H Zempo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14061235","article-title":"Genes and athletic performance: the 2023 update","volume":"14","author":"E A Semenova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54685","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054685","article-title":"The association of sport performance with ACE and ACTN3 genetic polymorphisms: a\nsystematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"F Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000784","article-title":"The effect of heterozygosity for the ACTN3 null allele on human muscle\nperformance","volume":"48","author":"F C Garton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2035-8300","article-title":"The association between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and range of motion: a\nsystematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"M Saito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01165-1","article-title":"Genome-wide association analyses of physical activity and sedentary behavior\nprovide insights into underlying mechanisms and roles in disease prevention","volume":"54","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16015","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms16015","article-title":"Large-scale GWAS identifies multiple loci for hand grip strength providing\nbiological insights into muscular fitness","volume":"8","author":"S M Willems","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56496-7","article-title":"Metabolic GWAS of elite athletes reveals novel genetically-influenced\nmetabolites associated with athletic performance","volume":"9","author":"F Al-Khelaifi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15101251","article-title":"Sports-related genomic predictors are associated with athlete status in Chinese\nsprint\/power athletes","volume":"15","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0346","article-title":"The ACTN3 R577X genotype is associated with muscle function in a Japanese\npopulation","volume":"40","author":"N Kikuchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000880","article-title":"Relationship between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and physical abilities in Polish\nathletes","volume":"29","author":"J Orysiak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000338","article-title":"The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is associated with muscle power in male Japanese\nathletes","volume":"28","author":"N Kikuchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00953.2017","article-title":"Role of selected polymorphisms in determining muscle fiber composition in\nJapanese men and women","volume":"124","author":"H Kumagai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1242808","article-title":"ACTN3 polymorphism affects thigh muscle area","volume":"31","author":"H Zempo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-011-0189-0","article-title":"ACE I\/D, ACTN3 R577X, PPARD T294C and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser polymorphisms and\nphysical fitness in Taiwanese late adolescent girls","volume":"62","author":"L L Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-012-9461-3","article-title":"ACE I\/D and ACTN3 R\/X polymorphisms as potential factors in modulating\nexercise-related phenotypes in older women in response to a muscle power\ntraining stimuli","volume":"35","author":"A Pereira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031055","article-title":"Muscular strength and quality of life in older adults: the role of ACTN3 R577X\npolymorphism","volume":"18","author":"A Fernandez-Araque","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0130644","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130644","article-title":"The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is associated with cardiometabolic fitness in\nhealthy young adults","volume":"10","author":"C L Deschamps","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1340-y","article-title":"ACE I\/D and ACTN3 R\/X polymorphisms and muscle function and muscularity of older\nCaucasian men","volume":"109","author":"T McCauley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2020.1776248","article-title":"ACTN3 R577X polymorphism related to sarcopenia and physical fitness in active\nolder women","volume":"24","author":"C Romero-Blanco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.23.0034","article-title":"RoBANS 2: a revised risk of bias assessment tool for nonrandomized studies of\ninterventions","volume":"44","author":"H J Seo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J Fam Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01139.2004","article-title":"ACTN3 genotype is associated with increases in muscle strength in response to\nresistance training in women","volume":"99","author":"P M Clarkson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.2.206","article-title":"Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism influences knee extensor peak power\nresponse to strength training in older men and women","volume":"62","author":"M J Delmonico","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247529","article-title":"ACE and ACTN3 genes and muscle phenotypes in nonagenarians","volume":"31","author":"N Bustamante-Ara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12055","article-title":"The individual and combined influence of ACE and ACTN3 genotypes on muscle\nphenotypes before and after strength training","volume":"24","author":"R M Erskine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-023-00733-0","article-title":"The relationships between ACTN3 rs1815739 and PPARA-alpha rs4253778 gene\npolymorphisms and athletic performance characteristics in professional soccer\nplayers","volume":"15","author":"C Bulgay","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.11.1227","article-title":"Association of the ACTN3 genotype and physical functioning with age in older\nadults","volume":"63","author":"M J Delmonico","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2008.043075","article-title":"Human angiotensin-converting enzyme I\/D and alpha-actinin 3 R577X genotypes and\nmuscle functional and contractile properties","volume":"94","author":"T McCauley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"284","article-title":"Genetic variation of the human ACE and ACTN3 genes and their association with\nfunctional muscle properties in Lithuanian elite athletes","volume":"47","author":"V Gineviciene","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.619203","article-title":"ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and performance phenotypes in young Chinese male\nsoldiers","volume":"30","author":"X Shang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2217-4","article-title":"Single and combined influence of ACE and ACTN3 genotypes on muscle phenotypes in\noctogenarians","volume":"112","author":"N Garatachea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-012-0233-8","article-title":"The association of ACE, ACTN3 and PPARA gene variants with strength phenotypes\nin middle school-age children","volume":"63","author":"I I Ahmetov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3144-6","article-title":"History-dependent force, angular velocity and muscular endurance in ACTN3\ngenotypes","volume":"115","author":"S Broos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.2731","article-title":"Association of ACTN3 polymorphisms with BMD, and physical fitness of elderly\nwomen","volume":"28","author":"S K Min","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-118649","article-title":"Association between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and trunk flexibility in 2\ndifferent cohorts","volume":"38","author":"N Kikuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-120762","article-title":"Effects of the ACTN3 R577X genotype on the muscular strength and range of motion\nbefore and after eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors","volume":"39","author":"N Kikuchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10060413","article-title":"ACTN3 R577X genotype and exercise phenotypes in recreational marathon\nrunners","volume":"10","author":"J Del Coso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111525","article-title":"Associations of alpha-actinin-3 genotype with thigh muscle volume and physical\nperformance in older adults with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia","volume":"154","author":"Y Kiuchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13060969","article-title":"The relationship between ACE, ACTN3 and MCT1 genetic polymorphisms and athletic\nperformance in elite rugby union players: a preliminary study","volume":"13","author":"M Pasqualetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2024.3","article-title":"Interaction between habitual green tea and coffee consumption and ACTN3 genotype\nin association with skeletal muscle mass and strength in middle-aged and older\nadults","volume":"13","author":"C Iwasaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002623","article-title":"Effect of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism on serum creatine kinase and\nInterleukin-6 levels after maximal eccentric exercise","volume":"104","author":"M Deguchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-024-01080-0","article-title":"Association of alpha-actinin-3 genotype with muscle mass and physical function\nin community-dwelling older adults","volume":"16","author":"D Shiratsuchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103095","article-title":"Masseter muscle volume, sarcopenia, and muscle determinants: insights from ACTN3\npolymorphism in elderly Japanese in the Bunkyo Health Study","volume":"56","author":"A Abudurezake","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00173.2007","article-title":"ACTN3 (R577X) genotype is associated with fiber type distribution","volume":"32","author":"B Vincent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90856.2008","article-title":"ACTN3 genotype is associated with muscle phenotypes in women across the adult\nage span","volume":"105","author":"S Walsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1263116","article-title":"ACTN3 genotype does not influence muscle power","volume":"31","author":"E D Hanson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2022.105333","article-title":"Speed and power-related gene polymorphisms associated with playing position in\nelite soccer players","volume":"39","author":"M Petr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1267229","article-title":"ACE and ACTN3 genotypes in older women: muscular phenotypes","volume":"32","author":"R M Lima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.01017.x","article-title":"Is there an association between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and muscle power\nphenotypes in young, non-athletic adults?","volume":"20","author":"C Santiago","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01134.x","article-title":"ACTN3 R577X polymorphism does not influence explosive leg muscle power in elite\nvolleyball players","volume":"21","author":"J R Ruiz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2011.632648","article-title":"ACTN3 genotypes of Rugby Union players: distribution, power output and body\ncomposition","volume":"39","author":"W Bell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"328","article-title":"Genetic markers and explosive leg-muscle strength in elite Italian soccer\nplayers","volume":"52","author":"M Massidda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182915e66","article-title":"Effect of ACTN3 gene on strength and endurance in soccer players","volume":"27","author":"E M Pimenta","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2012-0331","article-title":"ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and explosive leg-muscle power in elite basketball\nplayers","volume":"9","author":"N Garatachea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medici.2014.10.002","article-title":"Relationship between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and maximal power output in elite\nPolish athletes","volume":"50","author":"J Orysiak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001558","article-title":"ACTN3 R577X gene variant is associated with muscle-related phenotypes in elite\nChinese sprint\/power athletes","volume":"31","author":"R Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001839","article-title":"Individual and combined influence of ACE and ACTN3 genes on muscle phenotypes in\nPolish athletes","volume":"32","author":"J Orysiak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-4010-0","article-title":"More than a \u2018speed gene\u2019: ACTN3 R577X genotype, trainability, muscle damage, and\nthe risk for injuries","volume":"119","author":"J Del Coso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0234458","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234458","article-title":"The genetic profile of elite youth soccer players and its association with power\nand speed depends on maturity status","volume":"15","author":"C F Murtagh","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2018.78900","article-title":"The relationship between ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphism and physical performance\nin amateur soccer players and sedentary individuals","volume":"36","author":"F E Koku","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s42978-020-00058-1","article-title":"Association between rs1815739 polymorphism of ACTN3 gene and athletic ability in\nChinese sprinters","volume":"2","author":"W Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sci Sport Exercise"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13091635","article-title":"Association of the ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism with physical performance and\ninjury incidence in professional women football players","volume":"13","author":"J Del Coso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14893","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14893","article-title":"Association between ACE and ACTN3 genes polymorphisms and athletic performance\nin elite and sub-elite Chinese youth male football players","volume":"11","author":"S Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90684-y","article-title":"Association between ACTN3 (R577X), BDKRB2 (-9\/+9) and AGT (M235T) polymorphisms\nand physical performance in Brazilian junior handball players","volume":"15","author":"V O Silvino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16030250","article-title":"Changes in vertical jump parameters after training unit in relation to ACE,\nACTN3, PPARA, HIF1A, and AMPD1 gene polymorphisms in volleyball and basketball\nplayers","volume":"16","author":"M Vavak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91435.2008","article-title":"Strength, power, fiber types, and mRNA expression in trained men and women with\ndifferent ACTN3 R577X genotypes","volume":"106","author":"B Norman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31685","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031685","article-title":"Relationship of muscle power and bone mineral density with the alpha-actinin-3\nR577X polymorphism in Japanese female athletes from different sport types: an\nobservational study","volume":"101","author":"T Kobayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041236","article-title":"Strength and endurance training in older women in relation to ACTN3 R577X and\nACE I\/D polymorphisms","volume":"17","author":"C Romero-Blanco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1314813","article-title":"Multivariate analysis in the maximum strength performance","volume":"33","author":"E O de Souza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.2001.00867.x","article-title":"Muscle volume is a major determinant of joint torque in humans","volume":"172","author":"T Fukunaga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv613","article-title":"Analysis of the ACTN3 heterozygous genotype suggests that alpha-actinin-3\ncontrols sarcomeric composition and muscle function in a dose-dependent\nfashion","volume":"25","author":"M W Hogarth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67691","article-title":"ACTN3 genotype influences muscle performance through the regulation of\ncalcineurin signaling","volume":"123","author":"J T Seto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/23054","article-title":"Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is mediated by a Ca2+-dependent calcineurin\nsignalling pathway","volume":"400","author":"C Semsarian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.1096046","article-title":"Actn3 genotype is associated with testosterone levels of athletes","volume":"31","author":"I I Ahmetov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk7040101","article-title":"Which performance tests best define the special judo fitness test classification\nin Elite Judo Athletes?","volume":"7","author":"B Ceylan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2015.12.008","article-title":"Annual improvement in fitness test performance for elite junior Australian\nfootball cohorts","volume":"19","author":"S Chalmers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1519\/R-20516.1","article-title":"Relations between force-velocity characteristics of the knee-hip extension\nmovement and vertical jump performance","volume":"21","author":"J Yamauchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181be305c","article-title":"The role of rate of force development on vertical jump performance","volume":"25","author":"C P McLellan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002150","article-title":"Fiber type composition and rate of force development in endurance- and\nresistance-trained individuals","volume":"33","author":"S Methenitis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2019.05.002","article-title":"Positive relationship between passive muscle stiffness and rapid force\nproduction","volume":"66","author":"R Ando","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12994","article-title":"Association analysis of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism with passive muscle\nstiffness and muscle strain injury","volume":"28","author":"N Miyamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0140","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.19.00140","article-title":"The biology of sex and sport","volume":"8","author":"A J Bassett","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14127","article-title":"Sex differences in semitendinosus muscle fiber-type composition","volume":"32","author":"G Fournier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31827c501f","article-title":"Association analysis of ACE and ACTN3 in elite Caucasian and East Asian\nswimmers","volume":"45","author":"G Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05804-3","article-title":"BDNF coexpresses with MTOR and is associated with muscle fiber size, lean mass\nand power-related traits","volume":"125","author":"C Bulgay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14120684","article-title":"The ARK2N (C18ORF25) genetic variant is associated with muscle fiber size and\nstrength athlete status","volume":"14","author":"R Cigirtas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolites"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2799-1026.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:30:32Z","timestamp":1785537032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2799-1026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"09","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2799-1026","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-4622","1439-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-4622","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]}}}