{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:47:40Z","timestamp":1776725260558,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Background Povidone iodine (PVI) has been reported to surpass topical antibiotics in antibacterial effectiveness. Consequently, we changed the regimen post strabismus surgery in 2017 from a one-week course of topical antibiotic eye drops to PVI given once at the end of surgery. In an adult population, this resulted in no significant change in infection rate and healing. In paediatric patients, the immune system is not mature and children may be exposed to different pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate these two regimens in regard to their efficacy to prevent infections post strabismus surgery in children.<\/jats:p>\n Patients and Methods In this retrospective and exploratory study, data from paediatric patients with strabismus surgery before and after this change in postoperative treatment were analysed. Information was taken from routine follow-up visits on postoperative days 7 and at 3 months. Primary endpoint was the postoperative incidence of bacterial conjunctivitis. Secondary endpoints were conjunctival swelling and redness, corneal wound healing and presence of cells in the anterior chamber or vitreous body. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher\u02bcs exact test or the Mann-Whitney U test. p\u2009<\u20090.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p>\n Results 152 patients were included. 85 children (G1) had received aminoglycoside eye drops 3\u00d7\/day for 1 week following strabismus surgery and 67 children (G2) had received a single-dose of topical PVI immediately at the end of surgery. Average age in G1 was 8.2 (SD 4.5; range 1\u200a\u2013\u200a17) years and in G2 was 7.4 (SD 3.9; range 2\u200a\u2013\u200a17) years. There was no statistically significant difference in the surgical procedure performed (type of surgery, reoperations, duration of the surgery). Bacterial conjunctivitis was documented in 4.7% in G1 and 2.9% in G2 (p\u2009>\u20090.05). There was also no significant difference for any of the secondary endpoints analysed at any of the two regular follow-up dates.<\/jats:p>\n Conclusions Postoperative infection prophylaxis with a single administration of topical PVI is an efficient alternative to topical antibiotics in a paediatric population, without more frequent infections or longer healing. This cost-efficient alternative minimises development of resistance to antibiotics and puts less burden on parents and children, as less treatment needs to be applied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2801-0735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:34:26Z","timestamp":1776724466000},"page":"505-508","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paediatric Strabismus Surgery: a Retrospective Analysis of Different Postoperative Treatment Regimes to Prevent Infections"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Missu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Eye Clinic, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Felber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Eye Clinic, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4062-4814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Palmowski-Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Eye Clinic, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2018.05.013","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of topical antibiotic steroid combination versus no treatment after fornix-incision strabismus surgery","volume":"22","author":"A A Elkamshoushy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2007.10.005","article-title":"Postoperative povidone-iodine prophylaxis in strabismus surgery","volume":"12","author":"N M Koederitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19900701-09","article-title":"Are antibiotic-steroid drops necessary following strabismus surgery? A prospective, randomized, masked trial","volume":"27","author":"E Wortham 5th","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72773-4","article-title":"The effect of povidone-iodine solution applied at the conclusion of ophthalmic surgery","volume":"119","author":"L Apt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002290","article-title":"Dilute Povidone-Iodine prophylaxis maintains safety while improving patient comfort after intravitreal injections","volume":"39","author":"M C Peden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1785-4441","article-title":"Strabismus Surgery: A Retrospective Comparison of Different Postoperative Treatment Regimes to Prevent Infections","volume":"239","author":"D Felber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03327-7","article-title":"The distribution characteristics of strabismus surgery types in a tertiary hospital in the Central Plains region during the COVID-19 epidemic","volume":"24","author":"L Lang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1821","key":"ref8","first-page":"20143085","article-title":"Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age","volume":"282","author":"A K Simon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702944","article-title":"Corneal \u2018dellen\u2019 as a complication of strabismus surgery","volume":"23","author":"M Fresina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00808-8","article-title":"Characterization and Classification of Postoperative Cysts After Strabismus Surgery: Clinical, Histological, and Anterior Segment OCT Analysis in a Large German Cohort","volume":"12","author":"K Hufendiek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"41","article-title":"Infection following strabismus surgery","volume":"22","author":"M R Ing","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19950101-10","article-title":"Periocular infection after strabismus surgery: The Periocular Infection Study Group","volume":"32","author":"J D Kivlin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2801-0735.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:35:23Z","timestamp":1776724523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2801-0735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2801-0735","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3999","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}