{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:50:29Z","timestamp":1782514229798,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"08","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007323","name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Sportwissenschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall performance in triathlon is largely determined by cycling and running\n                    performances, which depend on maximal and submaximal physiological factors. This\n                    study assessed the associations of these physiological factors between running\n                    and cycling in well-trained triathletes. Thirty-one male triathletes (age: 25\u00b11\n                    y; maximal aerobic capacity: 63.6\u00b10.7 mL min\u22121 kg\u22121),\n                    competing in Olympic to long distance triathlon, participated in this study.\n                    Physiological parameters (maximal aerobic capacity, movement economy, fractional\n                    utilization at 4 mmol L\u22121 blood lactate, energy consumption, and\n                    maximal fat oxidation rate) were assessed using a combined step and a ramp\n                    protocol for cycling and running, respectively. Testing sessions were separated\n                    by 48\u201396 hours. Movement economy and energy consumption were analyzed\n                    at 50, 60, and 70% of each participant\u2019s maximal aerobic capacity. All cycling\n                    performance parameters correlated with those of running. Thereby, the maximal\n                    aerobic capacity showed a correlation of \u03c1=0.81, and the relative use of\n                    maximal aerobic capacity at a 4 mmol L-1 lactate concentration a\n                    correlation of \u03c1=0.49. Furthermore, the maximal fat oxidation rate was\n                    statistically correlated with \u03c1=0.44, while movement economy\n                    (\u03c1=0.79\u20130.85) as well as energy consumption (\u03c1=0.46\u20130.52) showed\n                    statistical correlations over all three intensity zones (50\u201370%, all\n                    p\u2009&lt;\u20090.050). In well-trained triathletes, central parameters like\n                    maximal aerobic capacity show strong correlations between cycling and running,\n                    while submaximal, peripheral indicators appear more discipline-specific. Thus,\n                    training should be aligned with the targeted physiological adaptation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2804-6727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:25:32Z","timestamp":1772065532000},"page":"605-612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physiological and Metabolic Demands of Running and Cycling in\n                    Well-trained Triathletes"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Mats Willem","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy,\n                    Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua Frederik","family":"Feuerbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Sport Sciences TUM School of\n                    Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Sport medicine, German Sport\n                    University Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Sport Sciences TUM School of\n                    Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232060-00001","article-title":"Specific aspects of contemporary triathlon: implications for physiological\n                    analysis and performance","volume":"32","author":"D J 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Perform"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4100\/jhse.2011.62.01","article-title":"Physiological requirements in triathlon","volume":"6","author":"G P Millet","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hum Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198025000-00010","article-title":"Running economy and distance running performance of highly trained athletes","volume":"12","author":"D L Conley","year":"1980","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181aeb16a","article-title":"Maximal strength training improves cycling economy in competitive cyclists","volume":"24","author":"A Sunde","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b62c8a","article-title":"Running stride peak forces inversely determine 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Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2804-6727.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:32:19Z","timestamp":1782513139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2804-6727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"08","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2804-6727","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-4622","1439-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-4622","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]}}}