{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:01:19Z","timestamp":1790038879192,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Scapholunate ligament injuries are the most common ligamentous injuries of the\n                    wrist and typically result from high-energy trauma, most often following a fall\n                    onto the outstretched hand. This comprehensive review summarizes the current\n                    knowledge regarding scapholunate ligament injuries, including anatomy,\n                    pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. Scapholunate\n                    ligament injuries primarily affect individuals aged 20\u201350 years, with male\n                    patients at higher risk due to participation in high-impact activities. Despite\n                    their prevalence, these injuries are challenging to diagnose due to subtle\n                    clinical presentations and limitations of imaging modalities, often leading to\n                    delayed recognition and progression to scapholunate advanced collapse, a severe\n                    form of wrist arthritis. The scapholunate ligament plays a critical role in\n                    maintaining wrist stability, with its dorsal component being biomechanically\n                    most important. Pathophysiology ranges from partial tears causing dynamic\n                    instability to complete disruptions leading to static malalignment and\n                    degenerative changes. Advances in diagnostic modalities, including\n                    high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, wrist arthroscopy, and dynamic\n                    computed tomography or ultrasonography, have improved detection. Meanwhile,\n                    classification systems like Geissler, Mayo and Garcia-Elias help guide treatment\n                    strategies. Management is determined by injury severity and chronicity.\n                    Conservative approaches, such as immobilization and physical therapy, are\n                    effective for partial injuries, while surgical interventions, including ligament\n                    repair, reconstruction, and salvage procedures, are reserved for more severe\n                    cases. Newer arthroscopic techniques, biological augmentations, and minimally\n                    invasive approaches have improved outcomes and reduced complication rates.\n                    Rehabilitation and long-term follow-up remain essential to optimize recovery and\n                    monitor for degenerative changes. Emerging technologies, including dynamic\n                    implants and artificial intelligence for diagnostics, promise further advances.\n                    Nevertheless, early diagnosis and timely intervention remain critical to\n                    preventing chronic dysfunction and improving patient quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2807-3475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:08:16Z","timestamp":1778540896000},"page":"252-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["State of the Art: Scapholunate Ligament Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Dany Y.","family":"Matar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins\n                    Medicine, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Panayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Charite \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin\n                    Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Aman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand, Replantation and Microsurgery, BG Klinikum\n                    Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Hundeshagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG\n                    Klinik Ludwigshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Tuffaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins\n                    Medicine, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Harhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand, Replantation and Microsurgery, BG Klinikum\n                    Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Eichenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand, Replantation and Microsurgery, BG Klinikum\n                    Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e230193","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.230193","article-title":"Assessment of scapholunate instability on 4D CT scans in patients with\n                    inconclusive conventional images","volume":"308","author":"S 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