{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:56:19Z","timestamp":1790027779336,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und\n                        Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PATH, grant number 16KISA100K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PATH, grant number 16KISA100K"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche\n                        Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IRTG2773, grant number\n                        454245598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRTG2773, grant number\n                        454245598"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Artificial intelligence in mental health has emerged as a potent tool to foster\n                    precision psychiatry, for example, by stratifying patient populations. A\n                    potential step forward would be mental health digital twins\u2014the independent\n                    in-silico reconstruction of an individual person within their functional social\n                    and environmental systems that continuously incorporate all known and available\n                    subject parameters to predict patient trajectories including the outcomes of\n                    interventions. Generative artificial intelligence in the form of large language\n                    models demonstrated the ability to mimic human responses and integrate diverse\n                    sources of information that may foster the development of digital twins. We give\n                    a brief historical perspective on concepts and milestones of artificial\n                    intelligence in mental health and outline the current state of clinical decision\n                    support systems, monitoring and therapy applications based on artificial\n                    intelligence. We describe their integration in large behavioral models as a\n                    recently met precondition for digital twins and contrast this development with\n                    the magnificent hurdles that remain to truly realize clinical benefits of\n                    digital twins, from data quality and regulatory compliance to user engagement\n                    and public trust, for some of which we propose mitigation strategies here.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2816-2869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:16:17Z","timestamp":1773965777000},"page":"117-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Blocking the Reflection: Milestones and Hurdles for Digital Twins in Mental Health"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6808-2968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Falk Gerrik","family":"Verhees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of\n                    Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella Catharina","family":"Wiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim,\n                    Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center (EKFZ) for Digital Health,\n                    Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden\n                    University of Technology, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob Nikolas","family":"Kather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim,\n                    Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center (EKFZ) for Digital Health,\n                    Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden\n                    University of Technology, Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University\n                    Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital,\n                    Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kambeitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital\n                    Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavol","family":"Mikolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of\n                    Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden,\n                    Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena\n                    University Hospital, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2022.08.001","article-title":"Ethical considerations for precision psychiatry: A roadmap for research and\n                    clinical practice","volume":"63","author":"P Fusar-Poli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03070-5","article-title":"Precision psychiatry roadmap: Towards a biology-informed framework for mental\n                    disorders","volume":"30","author":"M Kas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol 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