{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T23:05:40Z","timestamp":1779491140574,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spinal pain represents a significant clinical and socioeconomic burden, with conventional imaging often unable to identify the precise pain generator or distinguish active pathology from incidental degenerative findings. Hybrid nuclear medicine imaging techniques, such as bone single photon emission computed tomography\/computed tomography and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography\/computed tomography, provide complementary functional and metabolic information that can enhance diagnostic accuracy in selected patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This review summarizes current applications of hybrid imaging in prevalent spinal pathologies across preoperative and postoperative settings. In preoperative evaluation, bone single photon emission computed tomography\/computed tomography localizes symptomatic degenerative changes, including facet joint and disk pathology. Postoperatively, bone single photon emission computed tomography\/computed tomography demonstrates high sensitivity for hardware complications, pseudoarthrosis, and adjacent segment degeneration. In contrast, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography\/computed tomography is used to detect spinal infection. Understanding appropriate indications, optimal timing, and interpretive pitfalls is essential to integrate these techniques effectively into multidisciplinary management pathways and guide targeted therapeutic interventions in patients with persistent or recurrent spinal pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2820-0656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T23:58:37Z","timestamp":1773359917000},"page":"282-293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nuclear Medicine Imaging for Spinal Pain in the Pre- and Postoperative Setting"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Aster","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Van den Wyngaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.04.001","article-title":"A systematic review of the incidence, prevalence, costs, and activity and work limitations of amputation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury in the United States: a 2019 update","volume":"102","author":"J Lo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2022.07.002","article-title":"Back pain: differential diagnosis and management","volume":"41","author":"D Gibbs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2021.08.002","article-title":"ACR Appropriateness Criteria\u00ae Low Back Pain: 2021 update","volume":"18","author":"T A Hutchins","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4173","article-title":"Systematic literature review of imaging features of spinal degeneration in asymptomatic populations","volume":"36","author":"W Brinjikji","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9940001","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9940001","article-title":"Imaging assessment of the postoperative spine: an updated pictorial review of selected complications","volume":"2021","author":"R Corona-Cedillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.9.FOCUS19648","article-title":"Preoperative SPECT imaging as a tool for surgical planning in patients with axial neck and back pain","volume":"47","author":"G D Brusko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2018.06.003","article-title":"Bone SPECT\/CT in postoperative spine","volume":"48","author":"G Gnanasegaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.058","article-title":"Role of single-photon emission computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic neck or back pain caused by spinal degeneration: a systematic review","volume":"173","author":"M Varga","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.11.108","article-title":"SPECT\/CT and PET\/CT for the evaluation of persistent or recurrent pain after spine surgery: a systematic review and case series","volume":"182","author":"T Awosika","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eanmi.2025.100002","article-title":"Bone SPECT\/CT in suspected facet joint arthropathy and non-infectious postoperative spine conditions. 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