{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T01:00:09Z","timestamp":1773709209105,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thromb Haemost"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated potential differences in arterial stiffness, thickness of endothelial glycocalyx, deformation of left atrium and ventricle among various ischemic stroke subtypes and controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We included 194 ischemic stroke patients (n\u2009=\u200947 lacunar stroke, n\u2009=\u200950 large artery atherosclerotic stroke [LAA], n\u2009=\u200949 cardioembolic stroke, n\u2009=\u200948 with embolic stroke of undetermined source [ESUS]) and 50 matched controls. We measured: (1) perfused boundary region (PBR4\u201325) of the sublingual microvessels, (marker of endothelial glycocalyx integrity), (2) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), (3) left ventricular global longitudinal strain, left atrial (LA) reservoir, conduction and contraction strain, (4) myocardial work indices, by pressure-myocardial loops, and (5) PWV\/GLS ratio, to assess ventriculoarterial interaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Compared with controls, stroke patients displayed affected LA strains, LVGLS, Wasted Work, PBR4\u201325, cSBP, PWV, and PWV\/GLS (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). We observed differences in LA strain, PWV, PWV\/GLS, and PBR4\u201325 between different ischemic stroke subtypes (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Participants with lacunar strokes had the most impaired PBR4\u201325, participants with cardioembolic stroke and ESUS had the most impaired LA strain, and LAA had the most affected PWV and PWV\/GLS (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). PBR4\u201325 value of 2.29 \u03bcm could discriminate lacunar strokes (AUC: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74\u20130.89; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), PWV cut-off of 13 m\/second could discriminate LAA (AUC: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72\u20130.89; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and LA reservoir strain cut-off of 25% could discriminate ESUS\/Cardioembolic strokes (AUC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.71\u20130.85; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Lacunar strokes exert excessive shedding of endothelial glycocalyx, LAA show aggravated aortic stiffness, while ESUS\/Cardioembolic strokes demonstrate worse LA performance. These differences in the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms among stroke subtypes may guide individualized secondary prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2824-7623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T23:54:43Z","timestamp":1773705283000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differences in Endothelial Glycocalyx, Arterial Stiffness, and Left Atrial Function Among Ischemic Stroke Types"],"prefix":"10.1055","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03609437","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8241-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignatios","family":"Ikonomidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital \u201cAttikon,\u201d National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Thymis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital \u201cAttikon,\u201d National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Vlachomitros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital \u201cAttikon,\u201d National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Pavlidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital \u201cAttikon,\u201d National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Katogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital \u201cAttikon,\u201d National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Bakola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Chondrogianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Theodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Papagiannopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Safouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Palaiodimou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Katsanaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital \u201cAttikon,\u201d National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavriella","family":"Kostelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital \u201cAttikon,\u201d National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vaia","family":"Lambadiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal-Medicine, Diabetes Centre, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Georgiopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital \u201cAttikon,\u201d National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsivgoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0118-8","article-title":"Ischaemic stroke","volume":"5","author":"B CV Campbell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2015.07.013","article-title":"Epidemiology of stroke and transient ischemic attacks: Current knowledge and perspectives","volume":"172","author":"Y B\u00e9jot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13236","article-title":"Association of impaired endothelial glycocalyx with arterial stiffness, coronary microcirculatory dysfunction, and abnormal myocardial deformation in untreated hypertensives","volume":"20","author":"I Ikonomidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0213097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213097","article-title":"Sublingual endothelial glycocalyx and atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"L Valerio","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1159\/000348854","article-title":"Sublingual microvascular glycocalyx dimensions in lacunar stroke patients","volume":"35","author":"R J Martens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx226","article-title":"Endothelial permeability, LDL deposition, and cardiovascular risk factors-a review","volume":"114","author":"S Mundi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96477","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096477","article-title":"Deeper penetration of erythrocytes into the endothelial glycocalyx is associated with impaired microvascular perfusion","volume":"9","author":"D H Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493020963762","article-title":"Association between estimated pulse wave velocity and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men","volume":"16","author":"S Y Jae","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.09.013","article-title":"Left atrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cryptogenic stroke: novel insights from speckle-tracking echocardiography","volume":"30","author":"D P Leong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2011.00292.x","article-title":"Classifying ischemic stroke, from TOAST to CISS","volume":"18","author":"P H Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment","volume":"24","author":"H P Adams Jr","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.05.004","article-title":"Treatment approaches to lacunar stroke","volume":"28","author":"A S Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873231219416","article-title":"European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline on cerebral small vessel disease, part 2, lacunar ischaemic stroke","volume":"9","author":"J M Wardlaw","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002493","article-title":"Statin pretreatment is associated with better outcomes in large artery atherosclerotic stroke","volume":"86","author":"G Tsivgoulis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5797","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10245797","article-title":"Omentin is independently associated with stroke severity and ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis in patients with acute cerebral ischemia","volume":"10","author":"M Chondrogianni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70310-7","article-title":"Embolic strokes of undetermined source: the case for a new clinical construct","volume":"13","author":"R G Hart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-021-10180-2","article-title":"Impaired endothelial glycocalyx predicts adverse outcome in subjects without overt cardiovascular disease: a 6-year follow-up study","volume":"15","author":"I Ikonomidis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.012","article-title":"Effects of varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy on arterial elasticity, endothelial glycocalyx and oxidative stress during a 3-month smoking cessation program","volume":"262","author":"I Ikonomidis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1177\/1741826711398179","article-title":"Methods for evaluating endothelial function: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Peripheral Circulation","volume":"18","author":"J Lekakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl254","article-title":"Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications","volume":"27","author":"S Laurent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169359","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/169359","article-title":"Pulse wave velocity as marker of preclinical arterial disease: reference levels in a Uruguayan population considering wave detection algorithms, path lengths, aging, and blood pressure","volume":"2012","author":"I Farro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Hypertens"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.146548","article-title":"Evaluation of left atrial longitudinal function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a tissue Doppler imaging and two-dimensional strain study","volume":"95","author":"I A Paraskevaidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev078","article-title":"Non-invasive myocardial work index identifies acute coronary occlusion in patients with non-ST-segment elevation-acute coronary syndrome","volume":"16","author":"E Boe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1436","article-title":"The role of ventricular-arterial coupling in cardiac disease and heart failure: assessment, clinical implications and therapeutic interventions. A consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Aorta & Peripheral Vascular Diseases, European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, and Heart Failure Association","volume":"21","author":"I Ikonomidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.04.10","article-title":"Understanding ventriculo-arterial coupling","volume":"8","author":"M I Monge Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1694752","article-title":"Impaired arterial elastic properties and endothelial glycocalyx in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source","volume":"119","author":"I Ikonomidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2022.5449","article-title":"Association of left atrial strain with ischemic stroke risk in older adults","volume":"8","author":"C Mannina","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756286419851381","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286419851381","article-title":"Embolic strokes of undetermined source: theoretical construct or useful clinical tool?","volume":"12","author":"G Tsivgoulis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313600","article-title":"Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation","volume":"370","author":"T Sanna","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002975","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002975","article-title":"An approach to working up cases of embolic stroke of undetermined source","volume":"5","author":"S Ryoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae150","article-title":"Embolic strokes of undetermined source: a clinical consensus statement of the ESC Council on Stroke, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC","volume":"45","author":"G Ntaios","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016641967","article-title":"Embolic strokes of undetermined source: Prevalence and patient features in the ESUS Global Registry","volume":"11","author":"K S Perera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.10.011","article-title":"Left atrial strain for assessment of left ventricular diastolic function: focus on populations with normal LVEF","volume":"16","author":"S F Nagueh","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2017.06.08","article-title":"Left atrial function: evaluation by strain analysis","volume":"8","author":"G CH Gan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e288","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006748","article-title":"Atrial cardiopathy in patients with embolic strokes of unknown source and other stroke etiologies","volume":"92","author":"S Jalini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.07.021","article-title":"Nanomechanics of the endothelial glycocalyx: from structure to function","volume":"190","author":"Z C Cosgun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00376-8","article-title":"Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"21","author":"J Gutierrez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab756","article-title":"Importance of sex and gender in ischaemic stroke and carotid atherosclerotic disease","volume":"43","author":"K Gasbarrino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2009.35","article-title":"Cognitive impairment is related to increased arterial stiffness and microvascular damage in patients with never-treated essential hypertension","volume":"22","author":"H Triantafyllidi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.034388","article-title":"Inflammation and stroke risk: a new target for prevention","volume":"52","author":"P J Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22436","article-title":"Influence of blood pressure reduction on pulse wave velocity in primary hypertension: a meta-analysis and comparison with an acute modulation of transmural pressure","volume":"81","author":"R J McNally","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003897","article-title":"The incremental predictive value of arterial stiffness over SCORE2 in the setting of primary cardiovascular prevention: a 6-year follow-up study","volume":"43","author":"I Ikonomidis","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-023-01195-9","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease: a review of the pathophysiological mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Y Hannawi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1073","article-title":"Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of lacunar stroke: a review","volume":"75","author":"R W Regenhardt","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.042512","article-title":"Arterial stiffness is associated with small vessel disease irrespective of blood pressure in stroke-free individuals","volume":"54","author":"T Miyagi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.049768","article-title":"Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: looking forward","volume":"142","author":"A H Katsanos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7315","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237315","article-title":"Echocardiography and electrocardiography in detecting atrial cardiomyopathy: a promising path to predicting cardioembolic strokes and atrial fibrillation","volume":"12","author":"D Gentille-Lorente","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euae204","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae204","article-title":"Atrial cardiomyopathy revisited-evolution of a concept: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC, the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asian Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)","volume":"26","author":"A Goette","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2024.02.001","article-title":"Left atrial cardiomyopathy: pathophysiological insights, assessment methods and clinical implications","volume":"117","author":"S Ninni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14089","article-title":"Atrial cardiomyopathy: from cell to bedside","volume":"9","author":"M Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308407","article-title":"Cardioembolic stroke","volume":"120","author":"H Kamel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2021.12.001","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and stroke: a review and new insights","volume":"33","author":"I Escudero-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006502","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006502","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and cause-specific risks of pulmonary embolism and ischemic stroke","volume":"7","author":"E M Hald","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"qyae022","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjimp\/qyae022","article-title":"Left atrial reservoir strain is a superior discriminator of cardioembolism in ischaemic stroke","volume":"2","author":"A Bhat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract"}],"container-title":["Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2824-7623.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T23:54:55Z","timestamp":1773705295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2824-7623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":54,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2824-7623","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6245","2567-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-6245","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]}}}