{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:08:32Z","timestamp":1789600112633,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD86139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD86139"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pregestational diabetes is associated with low prevalence of breastfeeding due to low rates of intent, delayed lactogenesis, and early infant separation. It is hypothesized that the perceived need for formula supplementation due to neonatal hypoglycemia, coupled with maternal low early milk supply, is a barrier to breastfeeding initiation. Whether there is an association between neonatal hypoglycemia and breastfeeding is unknown. We evaluated associations between neonatal hypoglycemia and breastfeeding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of metformin versus placebo plus insulin in participants with type 2 diabetes. We included participants who delivered a liveborn neonate, endorsed intention to breastfeed, and had neonatal hypoglycemia data available. A breastfeeding questionnaire was administered at 30-day postpartum, and outcomes were compared between neonates with and without hypoglycemia. The primary outcome was prevalence of exclusive, partial, or no breastfeeding at 30-day postpartum. Secondary outcomes included time to breastfeeding cessation and contributing factors. Characteristics were compared with chi-square, t-tests, or Wilcoxon tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 420 participants in the primary study (53%) completed an antepartum survey, including a question about intent to breastfeed. After exclusion criteria were applied, 370 (91%) of 405 possible participants reported intention to breastfeed. Among these 370 who met criteria and had intention to breastfeed, 265 (72%) responded to the 30-day postpartum questionnaire. Of these 265, 114 (43%) had neonatal hypoglycemia and 151 (57.0%) did not. Prevalence of not breastfeeding (35 vs. 37%), exclusive breastfeeding (18 vs. 13%), and partial breastfeeding (47 vs. 50%) did not differ between neonates with and without hypoglycemia (p\u2009=\u20090.51). This persisted in a neonatal intensive care unit-admitted subgroup (p\u2009=\u20090.29). Participants who stopped breastfeeding did so on average at 2.6 to 2.8 weeks (p\u2009=\u20090.76).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This study found no impact of neonatal hypoglycemia on 30-day postpartum breastfeeding prevalence among participants with diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2827-0515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T23:39:47Z","timestamp":1773185987000},"page":"1780-1785","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between Neonatal Hypoglycemia and 30-Day Breastfeeding Outcomes among Gravidas with Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02932475","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7043-9805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniella","family":"Rogerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marni","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhazur","family":"Sarker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Boggess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley N.","family":"Battarbee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerrie","family":"Refuerzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelia","family":"Zork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayle","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Durnwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjersti","family":"Aagaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kedra","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2992-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Scifres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Health\/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Brunswick, New Jersey, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherri","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gladys A.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the MOMPOD Study Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12040","DOI":"10.1002\/pmf2.12040","article-title":"Breastfeeding patterns among parturients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of the MOMPOD randomized clinical trial","volume":"1","author":"M Sarker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pregnancy (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12238","article-title":"Breastfeeding in women with diabetes: lower rates despite greater rewards. A population-based study","volume":"30","author":"S A Finkelstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000544","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2023-000544","article-title":"Neonatal hypoglycaemia","volume":"3","author":"J E Harding","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-17145","article-title":"Early feeding, hypoglycemia and breastfeeding initiation in infants born to women with pregestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"L Cordero","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinatal Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.06.034","article-title":"What happens to blood glucose concentrations after oral treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia?","volume":"190","author":"D L Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12846","article-title":"Is onset of lactation delayed in women with diabetes in pregnancy? A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"J De Bortoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22352","article-title":"Human breast milk sugars and polyols over the first 10 puerperium days","volume":"25","author":"M J\u00f3\u017awik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3633","article-title":"Baby-Friendly hospital practices and meeting exclusive breastfeeding intention","volume":"130","author":"C G Perrine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.22949","article-title":"Metformin plus insulin for preexisting diabetes or gestational diabetes in early pregnancy: the MOMPOD randomized clinical trial","volume":"330","author":"K A Boggess","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0356-y","article-title":"Development and validation of the infant feeding intentions scale","volume":"13","author":"L A Nommsen-Rivers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922813496455","article-title":"Breast-feeding initiation in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"53","author":"L Cordero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-024-01972-w","article-title":"Direct breastfeeding frequency of late preterm and term infants in the neonatal intensive care unit and availability of mother's own milk at six months of age. a retrospective cohort study","volume":"44","author":"A E Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-05038-7","article-title":"Factors associated with duration of breastfeeding in women giving birth for the first time","volume":"22","author":"D M Haas","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2827-0515.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:42:01Z","timestamp":1789598521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2827-0515"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2827-0515","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1631","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]}}}