{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T23:46:00Z","timestamp":1782431160528,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rofo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two new contrast types for diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) have recently been proposed: diffusion-derived \u201cvessel density\u201d (DDVD) and slow diffusion coefficient (SDC). DDVD reflects tissue perfusion while SDC reflects slow tissue diffusion. This study evaluates the DDVD and SDC signal features of mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Liver DWI data were prospectively collected. The DDVD weighted image was calculated from b=0 and b=10 s\/mm2 images, and the SDC weighted image was derived with b=500 and b=800 s\/mm2 images, or with b=600 and b=800 s\/mm2 images or with b=400 and b=600 s\/mm2 images. A semi-quantitative (SQ) scoring was conducted on DDVD map and SDC map. A liver mass lesion signal was divided into six SQ score categories: low signal (score: 0), iso-signal (score: 1), slightly high signal (score: 1.5), high signal (score: 2), higher signal (score: 2.5), and markedly high signal (score: 3). The \u201chigher signal\u201d was a signal notably higher than the spleen signal but lower than the liquid signal and possibly close to the kidney signal; the \u201cmarkedly high signal\u201d was close to the liquid or blood vessel signal. This study included a total of 27 patients with mass-forming ICC, 76 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 30 patients with liver metastasis (Mets).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>86.4% of ICC lesions had a DDVD score of 0, 1 or 1.5, and 70.4% had an SDC score \u2265 2.5. 60.9% of Mets lesions had a DDVD score \u2265 2.0, and 58.6% had an SDC score \u2265 2.5. If we use \u201c(SDC \u2265 2.5) and (DDVD of 0, or 1.0 or 1.5)\u201d to define ICC, then it had an odds ratio of 34.7 in favor of ICC over HCC, an odds ratio of 14.4 in favor of ICC over Mets. If we use \u201c(SDC \u2265 2.5) and (DDVD of 2.0 or 2.5)\u201d to define Mets, then it had an odds ratio of 6.1 in favor of Mets over HCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>When a solid liver mass has an SDC score \u2265 2.5, the possibility of its being a mass-forming ICC or Mets should be considered. If the lesion also has an iso-signal or only slightly signal on the DDVD map, then this lesion is likely to be an ICC. If the lesion also has an SQ score \u2265 2 on the DDVD, then this lesion has the possibility of being Mets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2830-5742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T23:39:02Z","timestamp":1774395542000},"page":"914-922","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diffusion-derived \u201cVessel Density\u201d (DDVD) and Slow Diffusion Coefficient (SDC) Signal Features of Mass-forming Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Compared to Those of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Metastases: Preliminary Results"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5697-0717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y\u00ec Xi\u00e1ng J.","family":"W\u00e1ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China","place":["Hong Kong"],"department":["Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cun-Jing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China","place":["Guangzhou"],"department":["Department of Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yue","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China","place":["Hong Kong"],"department":["Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Ting","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China","place":["Hong Kong"],"department":["Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai-Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China","place":["Hong Kong"],"department":["Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China","place":["Anhui"],"department":["Department of Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W64","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.16923","article-title":"Cross-Sectional Imaging of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Development, Growth, Spread, and Prognosis","volume":"209","author":"N Seo","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29020061","article-title":"Imaging Spectrum of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimickers: How to Differentiate Them Using MRI","volume":"29","author":"JD Kova\u010d","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1177\/2472630320915838","article-title":"Diffusion MRI Derived per Area Vessel Density as a Surrogate Biomarker for Detecting Viral Hepatitis B-Induced Liver Fibrosis: A Proof-of-Concept Study","volume":"25","author":"BH Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"SLAS Technol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3792","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-2025-537","article-title":"The rationale for proposing a magnetic resonance slow diffusion metric and its proof-of-concept testing showing spleen parenchyma and hepatocellular carcinoma have faster diffusion than liver parenchyma","volume":"15","author":"FY Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med 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and liver malignant tumors by a combination of T2-weighted signal and three diffusion magnetic resonance metrics of diffusion-derived vessel density, slow diffusion coefficient, and apparent diffusion coefficient","volume":"17","author":"CY Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-2025-aw-2280","article-title":"Reliable diagnosis of liver focal nodular hyperplasia by a combination of T2 weighted signal and three diffusion magnetic resonance metrics of diffusion-derived \u201cvessel density\u201d, slow diffusion coefficient, and apparent diffusion coefficient: A validation study of two centers\u2019 data","volume":"16","author":"XY Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-2025-1-2603","article-title":"Improvement of MRI diffusion metric \u201cslow diffusion coefficient\u201d (SDC) over apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) genotyping in diffuse gliomas","volume":"16","author":"WY Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-019-0277-6","article-title":"Superb microvascular imaging technique in depicting vascularity in focal liver lesions: More hypervascular supply patterns were depicted in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"F Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2484","article-title":"Peripheral mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhotic liver","volume":"189","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21917","article-title":"Mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with marked enhancement on arterial-phase computed tomography reflects favorable surgical outcomes","volume":"104","author":"S Ariizumi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199908000-00006","article-title":"The significance of stromal desmoplasia in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A special reference of \u201cscirrhous-type\u201d and \u201cnonscirrhous-type\u201d growth","volume":"23","author":"K Kajiyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185118756949","article-title":"Removal of evidential motion-contaminated and poorly fitted image data improves IVIM diffusion MRI parameter scan-rescan reproducibility","volume":"59","author":"O Chevallier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"}],"container-title":["R\u00f6Fo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der R\u00f6ntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden 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