{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T17:26:45Z","timestamp":1793467605480,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Thromb Hemost"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by elevated thrombotic and bleeding risk, and optimal risk stratification and management remain challenging. This review summarizes current evidence on the thrombotic complications in MPNs, including venous events (i.e., deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and unusual site thrombosis), and arterial events (ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral arterial thrombosis), and the increased bleeding risk in these diseases. Mechanistically, JAK2-driven clonal hematopoiesis, elevated hematocrit, leukocytosis, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation interact to promote a pro-thrombotic state; conversely, extreme thrombocytosis, acquired von Willebrand syndrome, and anticoagulant\/antiplatelet therapy contribute to bleeding risk. Clinically, thrombosis may precede MPN diagnosis, especially in unusual sites, and treatment should balance the risk of recurrent thrombosis against the risk of hemorrhagic complications. Antithrombotic strategies include low-dose aspirin, vitamin K antagonists, and direct oral anticoagulants, while cytoreductive therapy (hydroxyurea, anagrelide, interferon, and JAK inhibitors) is central for disease control as well as vascular risk reduction. Despite therapy, recurrence of thrombotic events and major bleeding persists, highlighting the need for optimized risk models and alternative therapeutic targets. Future research may focus on integrating molecular biomarkers, inflammation metrics, and vascular-specific endpoints to direct personalized preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2836-0670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:30:21Z","timestamp":1773966621000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thrombotic and Bleeding Complications in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: An Integrated Clinical Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Omri","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, Kaplan Medical Center and The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin H.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.20377","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of polycythemia vera: a review","volume":"333","author":"D Tremblay","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.25349","article-title":"Essential thrombocythemia: a review","volume":"333","author":"A Tefferi","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022017423","article-title":"Myelofibrosis","volume":"141","author":"F Passamonti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100706","article-title":"Epidemiology of the classical myeloproliferative neoplasms: the four corners of an expansive and complex map","volume":"42","author":"R M Shallis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382872","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1382872","article-title":"Epidemiology and disease characteristics of myelofibrosis: a comparative analysis between Italy and global perspectives","volume":"14","author":"M Breccia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0028","article-title":"Risk for arterial and venous thrombosis in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms: a population-based cohort study","volume":"168","author":"M Hultcrantz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2025016247","article-title":"Thrombosis, major bleeding, and mortality in 1079 patients with myelofibrosis: a matched population-based study","volume":"9","author":"A Enblom Larsson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2022.106809","article-title":"Thrombotic events and mortality risk in patients with newly diagnosed polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia","volume":"115","author":"N Pemmaraju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01169-6","article-title":"Thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: a viewpoint on its impact on myelofibrosis, mortality, and solid tumors","volume":"14","author":"T Barbui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-023-00960-1","article-title":"The impact of thrombosis on probabilities of death and disease progression in polycythemia vera: a multistate transition analysis of 1,545 patients","volume":"13","author":"T Barbui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-023-00887-7","article-title":"Survival expectation after thrombosis and overt-myelofibrosis in essential thrombocythemia and prefibrotic myelofibrosis: a multistate model approach","volume":"13","author":"A Carobbio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12657","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12657","article-title":"Thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms during cytoreductive and antithrombotic drug treatment","volume":"6","author":"T Barbui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-016-0242-9","article-title":"Bleeding, thrombosis, and anticoagulation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN): analysis from the German SAL-MPN-registry","volume":"9","author":"A Kaifie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.20141","article-title":"Impact of age and time since diagnosis on thrombosis risk in myeloproliferative neoplasm patients: A nationwide register-based matched cohort study","volume":"207","author":"N Batyrbekova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-08-042515","article-title":"Leukocytosis as a major thrombotic risk factor in patients with polycythemia vera","volume":"109","author":"R Landolfi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020232","article-title":"Association between elevated white blood cell counts and thrombotic events in polycythemia vera: analysis from REVEAL","volume":"143","author":"A T Gerds","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.174672","article-title":"Treatment of essential thrombocythemia in Europe: a prospective long-term observational study of 3649 high-risk patients in the evaluation of anagrelide efficacy and long-term safety study","volume":"103","author":"G Birgeg\u00e5rd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5387-9","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of thrombosis and bleeding at diagnosis of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"19","author":"T Rungjirajittranon","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.12053","article-title":"Recurrent thrombosis in patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: incidence, risk factors, and effect of treatments","volume":"93","author":"V De Stefano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4921","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-09-376517","article-title":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms in Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"J H Smalberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25677","article-title":"Splanchnic vein thromboses associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms: an international, retrospective study on 518 cases","volume":"95","author":"E Sant'Antonio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.03.040","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis and myeloproliferative neoplasms: results from two large databases","volume":"134","author":"F Dentali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E200","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23809","article-title":"Cerebral vein thrombosis in patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. An European Leukemia Net study","volume":"89","author":"I Martinelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26336","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis and myeloproliferative neoplasms: A three-center study of 74 consecutive cases","volume":"96","author":"N Gangat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3787","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-501452","article-title":"JAK2V617F leads to intrinsic changes in platelet formation and reactivity in a knock-in mouse model of essential thrombocythemia","volume":"122","author":"C M Hobbs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-01-624023","article-title":"P-selectin promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation in mice","volume":"126","author":"J Etulain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"436","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaan8292","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan8292","article-title":"Increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation promotes thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"10","author":"O Wolach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.08.028","article-title":"Platelets and neutrophils cooperate to induce increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation in JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"22","author":"A Guy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4276","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023012016","article-title":"Platelet proteomic profiling reveals potential mediators of immunothrombosis and proteostasis in myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"8","author":"S Kelliher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024187","article-title":"JAK2-mutant clonal hematopoiesis is associated with venous thromboembolism","volume":"144","author":"R L Zon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2239-9265","article-title":"DNMT3A\/TET2\/ASXL1 mutations are an age-independent thrombotic risk factor in polycythemia vera patients: an observational study","volume":"124","author":"A Segura-D\u00edaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312148111","article-title":"JAK2V617F-positive endothelial cells contribute to clotting abnormalities in myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"111","author":"S L Etheridge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1667015","article-title":"Endothelial cells harbouring the JAK2V617F mutation display pro-adherent and pro-thrombotic features","volume":"118","author":"A Guadall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.195321","article-title":"Vascular endothelial cell expression of JAK2V617F is sufficient to promote a pro-thrombotic state due to increased P-selectin expression","volume":"104","author":"A Guy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2498-4849","article-title":"Endothelial damage in JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasms with splanchnic vein thrombosis","volume":"125","author":"B De Moner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-025-06648-9","article-title":"Von Willebrand factor and JAK2V617F variant allele frequency predict thrombosis and bleeding in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"104","author":"A Gat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref37","first-page":"486","article-title":"ADAMTS13, von Willebrand Factor, platelet microparticles, factor VIII, and impact of somatic mutations in the pathogenesis of splanchnic vein thrombosis associated with BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"14","author":"R Castelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2025.102561","article-title":"Proteomic profiling links complement activation to thrombosis in JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"62","author":"B De Moner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.07.031","article-title":"Impaired fibrinolysis in JAK2V617F-related myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"22","author":"M C Bourrienne","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3330","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023011692","article-title":"Exacerbation of thromboinflammation by JAK2V617F mutation worsens the prognosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis","volume":"8","author":"M C Bourrienne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2025.102954","article-title":"Thrombocytosis and bleeding in myeloproliferative neoplasms: exploring clinical diversity and risk of acquired von Willebrand syndrome-insights from a UK center","volume":"9","author":"G Simini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6043","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024013777","article-title":"Risk of bleeding in patients with essential thrombocythemia and extreme thrombocytosis","volume":"8","author":"R K Venkat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6777","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-11-297580","article-title":"How I treat the acquired von Willebrand syndrome","volume":"117","author":"A Tiede","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071746","article-title":"Essential thrombocythemia and acquired von Willebrand syndrome: the shadowlands between thrombosis and bleeding","volume":"12","author":"H Awada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19177","article-title":"Impact of non-driver gene mutations on thrombo-haemorrhagic events in ET patients","volume":"204","author":"C Furuya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.05.23.541977","article-title":"Increased bleeding and thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms mediated through altered expression of inherited platelet disorder genes","author":"A Mitchell","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-939431","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features, pathobiology of platelet-mediated thrombosis and bleeding complications, and the molecular etiology of essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera: therapeutic implications","volume":"32","author":"J J Michiels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208500","article-title":"Cardiovascular events and intensity of treatment in polycythemia vera","volume":"368","author":"R Marchioli","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-01-403279","article-title":"A prognostic model to predict survival in 867 World Health Organization-defined essential thrombocythemia at diagnosis: a study by the International Working Group on Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment","volume":"120","author":"F Passamonti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023022260","article-title":"Jak2\u2009V617F clonal hematopoiesis promotes arterial thrombosis via platelet activation and cross talk","volume":"143","author":"W Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26896","article-title":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms and splanchnic vein thrombosis: Contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic strategies","volume":"98","author":"J J Kiladjian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5128","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-444067","article-title":"Development and validation of an International Prognostic Score of thrombosis in World Health Organization-essential thrombocythemia (IPSET-thrombosis)","volume":"120","author":"T Barbui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-11-539098","article-title":"JAK2 or CALR mutation status defines subtypes of essential thrombocythemia with substantially different clinical course and outcomes","volume":"123","author":"E Rumi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E26","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27148","article-title":"Comparative thrombotic risk associated with CALR1, CALR2, and JAK2\u2009V617F mutations in essential thrombocythemia","volume":"99","author":"N Neupane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-02114-5","article-title":"Distinct clinico-molecular arterial and venous thrombosis scores for myeloproliferative neoplasms risk stratification","volume":"38","author":"H Pasquer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.11.027","article-title":"Prevalence of definite antiphospholipid syndrome in carriers of the JAK2V617F mutation","volume":"198","author":"S Janjetovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14836","article-title":"Anticoagulant therapy for splanchnic vein thrombosis: ISTH SSC Subcommittee Control of Anticoagulation","volume":"18","author":"M Di Nisio","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0077-1","article-title":"Philadelphia chromosome-negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms: revised management recommendations from European LeukemiaNet","volume":"32","author":"T Barbui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.221234","article-title":"Clinical outcomes under hydroxyurea treatment in polycythemia vera: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"A Ferrari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-025-02646-y","article-title":"Impact of ELN clinical signs and symptoms on the thrombotic risk in polycythemia vera patients treated with front-line hydroxyurea","volume":"39","author":"F Palandri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-01020-4","article-title":"Interferon alpha therapy in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"J P Bewersdorf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-024-05735-7","article-title":"Hematocrit control and thrombotic risk in patients with polycythemia vera treated with ruxolitinib in clinical practice","volume":"103","author":"A Chojecki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001158","article-title":"Ruxolitinib for the prevention of thrombosis in polycythemia vera: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"A Masciulli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6957","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13226957","article-title":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms: challenging dogma","volume":"13","author":"J L Spivak","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-01-263319","article-title":"Observation versus antiplatelet therapy as primary prophylaxis for thrombosis in low-risk essential thrombocythemia","volume":"116","author":"A Alvarez-Larr\u00e1n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27418","article-title":"Long-term pharmacodynamic and clinical effects of twice- versus once-daily low-dose aspirin in essential thrombocythemia: The ARES trial","volume":"99","author":"B Rocca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-023-00972-x","article-title":"One thousand patients with essential thrombocythemia: the Mayo Clinic experience","volume":"14","author":"N Gangat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-023-00968-7","article-title":"One thousand patients with essential thrombocythemia: the florence-CRIMM experience","volume":"14","author":"G G Loscocco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-017-0041-8","article-title":"Essential thrombocythemia treatment algorithm 2018","volume":"8","author":"A Tefferi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.03.003","article-title":"Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE disease: compendium and review of CHEST guidelines 2012-2021","volume":"166","author":"S M Stevens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4693","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001830","article-title":"American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism","volume":"4","author":"T L Ortel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.85","article-title":"High rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and effect of prophylaxis with vitamin K antagonists","volume":"30","author":"V De Stefano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003628","article-title":"A systematic review of antithrombotic treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"5","author":"E N Hamuly\u00e1k","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01279-1","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulants for myeloproliferative neoplasms: results from an international study on 442 patients","volume":"35","author":"T Barbui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E329","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25990","article-title":"A multicenter real-life study on anticoagulant treatment with direct oral anticoagulants in patients with Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"95","author":"A Serrao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12574","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12574","article-title":"Thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: Treatment outcomes of direct oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists","volume":"5","author":"K Fedorov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-017-2282-5","article-title":"Administration of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"106","author":"J C Ianotto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00566-5","article-title":"Practice patterns and outcomes of direct oral anticoagulant use in myeloproliferative neoplasm patients","volume":"11","author":"J How","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04350-6","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) for prevention of recurrent arterial or venous thromboembolic events (ATE\/VTE) in myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"100","author":"K Huenerbein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2022.05.015","article-title":"Benefice and pitfall of direct oral anticoagulants in very high-risk myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"216","author":"L Herbreteau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.06.029","article-title":"Anticoagulation for splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"P Chrysafi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-199107","article-title":"Anticoagulation management of splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: a global abdominal\/splanchnic thrombosis retrospective observational study in 486 MPN patients (GASTRO-MPN)","volume":"144","author":"C J How","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.08.001","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on vascular diseases of the liver","volume":"84","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address: easloffice@easloffice.eu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000456","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"55","author":"G Saposnik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504273321704","article-title":"Hydroxyurea for patients with essential thrombocythemia and a high risk of thrombosis","volume":"332","author":"S Cortelazzo","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e750","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000750","article-title":"EHA guidelines on management of antithrombotic treatments in thrombocytopenic patients with cancer","volume":"6","author":"A Falanga","year":"2022","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref89","first-page":"1181","article-title":"Cancer-associated venous thromboembolic disease, version 2.2021, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"19","author":"M B Streiff","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01688-w","article-title":"Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes in women with myeloproliferative neoplasms-a nationwide population-based study of 342 pregnancies in Sweden","volume":"36","author":"A R Landtblom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e882","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000882","article-title":"Outcome of 129 pregnancies in polycythemia vera patients: a report of the European LeukemiaNET","volume":"7","author":"K Wille","year":"2023","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1912666","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.12666","article-title":"Association of treatments for myeloproliferative neoplasms during pregnancy with birth rates and maternal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"D Maze","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020729","article-title":"How I treat myeloproliferative neoplasms in pregnancy","volume":"143","author":"S Robinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e182","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.139691","article-title":"Pegylated interferon alpha-2a for essential thrombocythemia during pregnancy: outcome and safety. A case series","volume":"101","author":"Y Beauverd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01079-7","article-title":"Are thrombosis, progression, and survival in ET predictable?","volume":"14","author":"G Abu-Zeinah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123551","article-title":"Progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN): diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"10","author":"J Baumeister","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2836-0670.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T22:52:08Z","timestamp":1775688728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2836-0670"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"references-count":94,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2836-0670","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-6176","1098-9064"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-6176","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-9064","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]}}}