{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:24:17Z","timestamp":1783466657386,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Silesia grants for Department of\n                        Histology","award":["BNW-1-005\/N\/4\/I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNW-1-005\/N\/4\/I"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gasotransmitters, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide, play\n                        vital roles in neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, and neuromodulation, as well\n                        as in regulating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotoxicity, all\n                        of which are implicated in depressive disorders. This study aimed to\n                        investigate whether escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor,\n                        and clonazepam, an anxiolytic Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor\n                        agonist, influence the gene expression of enzymes involved in\n                        gasotransmitter synthesis in the rat brain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats received chronic escitalopram and clonazepam\n                        treatment. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction\n                        were performed to assess the expression of genes encoding neuronal nitric\n                        oxide synthase, heme oxygenase-2, and cystathionine-\u03b2-synthase, enzymes\n                        responsible for synthesizing nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen\n                        sulfide, respectively, among different brain areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic escitalopram and clonazepam produced distinct, region-specific\n                        changes in neuronal nitric oxide synthase, heme oxygenase-2, and\n                        cystathionine-\u03b2-synthase expression. Both drugs increased neuronal nitric\n                        oxide synthase in cortical and brainstem regions but reduced it in the\n                        amygdala and cerebellum; escitalopram additionally enhanced heme oxygenase-2\n                        and cystathionine-\u03b2-synthase across multiple sites, whereas clonazepam\n                        induced more selective upregulation in the cortex, hippocampus, and\n                        hypothalamus with downregulation in the thalamus and striatum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Findings suggest that both escitalopram and clonazepam modulate nitrergic,\n                        carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide signalling pathways in the rat brain,\n                        potentially contributing to their therapeutic and neuroprotective effects in\n                        depression and anxiety. The results support the hypothesis that these\n                        antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs may exert part of its pharmacological\n                        action through modulating gasotransmitter-related mechanisms, offering new\n                        insights into its molecular mechanism and providing alternative targets for\n                        the development of novel neuropsychiatric medication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2838-4986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T23:08:21Z","timestamp":1775084901000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Escitalopram and Clonazepam Affect Gasotransmitter-related Enzyme\n                    (nNOS, HO-2, CBS) Gene Expression in the Rat Brain"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Artur","family":"Pa\u0142asz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical\n               University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0447-705X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sygidus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical\n               University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish\n               Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonello","family":"Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical\n               University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Suszka-\u015awitek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical\n               University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Bogus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical\n               University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Piwowarczyk-Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical\n               University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerta","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Krzystanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Community Psychiatry and Psychology Collegium\n               Medicum, WSB University, D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itiana Castro","family":"Menezes-Pazini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Porto Alegre Family and Individual Study Center (FACEFI), Porto\n               Alegre\/RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Filipczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical\n               University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1689341","article-title":"Role of gasotransmitters in oxidative stresses, neuroinflammation, and neuronal\n                    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