{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T23:24:27Z","timestamp":1787268267619,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To establish reference values for the vertebral heart scale (VHS) and vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) in clinically healthy dogs and to evaluate their relationship with echocardiographic left atrial measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Forty clinically healthy dogs of various breeds, sexes, and age groups (28 males and 12 females; 26 small, 8 medium, and 6 large breeds) were examined using right lateral and dorsoventral thoracic radiography. VHS and VLAS were measured according to standardized protocols. Echocardiographic assessment included measurement of the left atrium (LA), aortic root (Ao), and calculation of the LA\/Ao ratio. Dogs with cardiovascular abnormalities were excluded. Statistical analyses were performed to compare measurements across sex, age, and body size, and to evaluate correlations among VHS, VLAS, and LA\/Ao.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The mean VHS, VLAS, and LA\/Ao values were 9.86, 1.32, and 1.17, respectively. No significant differences were identified between sex, age groups, or breed size categories. No correlations were found between VHS and VLAS, VHS and LA\/Ao, or VLAS and LA\/Ao.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>VHS and VLAS values in clinically healthy dogs fall within previously reported normal ranges and are not significantly influenced by demographic variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>VHS and VLAS can be used as stable and independent radiographic indices for cardiac size assessment in dogs, particularly when echocardiography is unavailable. However, they should be interpreted alongside clinical findings and echocardiography when possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2843-2094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T22:44:10Z","timestamp":1787265850000},"page":"251-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiographic vertebral heart scale and vertebral left atrial size in healthy dogs"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Onur Can","family":"\u015eener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ba\u015fak Boztok","family":"Ozgermen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Thoracic Imaging","author":"T Schwarz","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci4040047","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to canine myxomatous mitral valve disease","volume":"4","author":"G Menciotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.02.194","article-title":"Vertebral scale system to measure canine heart size in radiographs","volume":"206","author":"J W Buchanan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2012.01976.x","article-title":"Vertebral heart scores in eight dog breeds","volume":"54","author":"K Jepsen-Grant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.148.23.707","article-title":"Use of breed-specific ranges for the vertebral heart scale as an aid to the radiographic diagnosis of cardiac disease in dogs","volume":"148","author":"C R Lamb","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.8.1038","article-title":"Diagnostic value of vertebral left atrial size for assessment of left atrial size in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease","volume":"253","author":"E L Malcolm","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12896","article-title":"Radiographic vertebral left atrial size: reference interval in healthy adult dogs","volume":"61","author":"T Vezzosi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.256.10.1129","article-title":"Use of radiographic measurements to diagnose stage B2 myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs","volume":"256","author":"R L Stepien","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15488","article-title":"ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs","volume":"33","author":"B W Keene","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"585","volume-title":"The heart and pulmonary vessels. In: Thrall DE, editor. Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology. 6th ed. St. Louis","author":"R Bahr","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.33988\/auvfd.895668","article-title":"The quantitative evaluation of cardiac structures and major thoracic vessel dimensions by means of lateral contrast radiography in Wistar albino rats","volume":"71","author":"M Kaya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2008.00406.x","article-title":"Effect of left vs. right recumbency on the vertebral heart score in normal dogs","volume":"49","author":"A Greco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02551.x","article-title":"Allometric scaling of M-mode cardiac measurements in normal adult dogs","volume":"18","author":"C C Cornell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Veterinary Diagnostic Ultrasound. 3rd ed.","author":"T G Nyland","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"587","article-title":"Interobserver variability of echocardiographic measurements in dogs with mitral regurgitation","volume":"43","author":"K Hansson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat","author":"E De Madron","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"M D Kittleson","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13132178","article-title":"A standardized method to determine left atrial enlargement on lateral thoracic radiographs in dogs","volume":"13","author":"V Szatm\u00e1ri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"649","article-title":"Breed-specific vertebral heart score and vertebral left atrial size in toy breed dogs","volume":"52","author":"H Na","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thai J Vet Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13243835","article-title":"Radiographic left atrial size measurement in dogs in different mitral valve disease stages using four methods","volume":"13","author":"D Marbella Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere \/ Heimtiere"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2843-2094.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T22:44:17Z","timestamp":1787265857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2843-2094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2843-2094","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1239","2567-5842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-1239","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-5842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}}}