{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T23:24:19Z","timestamp":1787095459793,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) and alveolar macrophage pneumonia (AMP) are two rare but closely related conditions within the spectrum of smoking-related interstitial pneumonias. Both share characteristic histopathologic features, including the accumulation of pigmented alveolar macrophages alongside varying degrees of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. RB-ILD is typically a localized, bronchiolocentric process often found in smokers, whereas AMP represents a more diffuse and clinically significant disease that may arise not only from tobacco smoke but also from other causes such as occupational exposures, autoimmune diseases, and drug reactions. This review highlights the clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathology, and treatment of both entities, emphasizing their overlapping features as well as key distinctions. We further discuss the pathogenic mechanisms driven by cigarette smoke\u2014including oxidative stress, immune activation, and fibrosis\u2014that underlie these diseases. A clear understanding of the similarities and differences between RB-ILD and AMP is essential for accurate diagnosis, effective management, and prognostication, particularly in patients with a history of smoking and diffuse parenchymal lung involvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2843-8648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T23:03:48Z","timestamp":1774998228000},"page":"350-358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Two Sides of the Same Smoke: Decoding Respiratory Bronchiolitis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Alveolar Macrophage Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Amarilys","family":"Alarcon-Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunhee S.","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Wan","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Vassallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1483ST","article-title":"An Official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: Update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias","volume":"188","author":"W D Travis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S146899","article-title":"Overlaps and uncertainties of smoking-related idiopathic interstitial pneumonias","volume":"12","author":"S H Bak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","first-page":"277","article-title":"American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. 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