{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:32:24Z","timestamp":1786120344005,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The temporal stem is a critical structure within the brain, connecting the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes via various fiber tracts. This study aims to evaluate the use of photogrammetry surface scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based tractography in presenting the layered anatomy of the fibers comprising the temporal stem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to clearly present the layered anatomy of the fibers comprising the temporal stem through photogrammetry surface scanning methods and MRI-based tractography studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Three body donor-based brain dissections were documented with photogrammetry surface scanning and compared with MRI-based diffusion tensor imaging tractography. High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) models were created using both techniques to visualize the layered fiber architecture of the temporal stem. Tractography data were processed using DSI Studio software based on population-averaged white matter templates from open-access databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Seven photorealistic 3D models were generated through photogrammetry, complemented by detailed coronal sections of an MRI-based 3D tractography model. These models revealed the anatomical organization of critical fiber tracts, including the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, anterior commissure, and Meyer's loop of the optic radiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The temporal stem is a crucial anatomical region comprising important white matter tracts. Their layered anatomical course can be clearly demonstrated by stratigraphical dissections and surface scanning methods, as well as augmented with 3D segmentation of MRI data. White matter dissection perfectly fits photogrammetry, permitting stratification and creating a truly interactive experience, allowing a more precise 3D representation of individual fibers, their orientation, and position, surpassing the limitations of 2D representations of anatomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2848-8345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T23:40:02Z","timestamp":1775605202000},"page":"329-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal Stem Anatomy: A Photorealistic Surface Scanning, Anatomical and 3D Tractography Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milko","family":"Milev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Trandzhiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Laleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Maslarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Lozenetz, Medical Faculty, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Armocida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalcini,\u201d University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wolf-Vollenbr\u00f6ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Frederick","family":"Cornelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo de","family":"Notaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana,\u201d University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, University Hospital \u201cSan Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona,\u201d Salerno, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroscience, EBRIS Foundation, Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Nakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toma","family":"Spiriev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic University Hospital Tokuda, Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","first-page":"677","article-title":"MR imaging of the temporal stem: anatomic dissection tractography 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