{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:53:10Z","timestamp":1791417190354,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ekhagastiftelsen","award":["2011-73"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011-73"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01g760v14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Stichting Phoenix"},{"name":"Stichting Antroposofische Gezondheidszorg Phoenix"},{"name":"Weleda AG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pervasive use of cell phones has led to a substantial increase in pulsed electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in our immediate environment. For pharmaceuticals, close proximity EMF effects are considered analogous to those of conventional heating, whilst the effect on homeopathic preparations remains inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Accordingly, we investigated whether pulsed EMF in the GHz range affects homeopathic preparations regarding their biological effects under real-world conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Stannum metallicum 30x (nominal dilution 10\u221230 of the original substance), and lactose 30x as a control, were subjected to 14\u2009hours of close proximity cell phone irradiation (2G, second-generation wireless technology, open vocal call) or remained untreated. The homeopathic samples were positioned in a circle at the perimeter of a rotating plate adjacent to the cell phone (minimal distance, d\u2009=\u20097\u2009cm) to ensure homogeneous exposure. Biological effects were investigated in a Lepidium sativum (cress) bioassay, assessing four independent outcome parameters. Experiments were performed in parallel at two independent laboratories. Experimental stability was monitored throughout the entire investigation with systematic negative control (SNC) experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Untreated Stannum metallicum 30x exhibited significant effects compared to lactose 30x for all four outcome parameters in the bioassay used (p\u2009\u2264\u20090.05), while the cell phone-irradiated samples induced no effects at all. No significant effects were observed in any of the evaluations of the SNC experiments, indicative of a stable experimental set-up and a reliable and specific treatment effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This is the first investigation that provides conclusive data that exposure of a homeopathic preparation to pulsed GHz EMF inactivates the homeopathic preparation regarding its biological effects. This finding cannot be extrapolated to other preparations or organisms, but warrants further investigation for potential implications in the clinical use of homeopathic preparations. Further in-depth follow-up studies under controlled laboratory conditions may contribute to substantiating hypotheses regarding the mode of action of ultra-molecular homeopathic preparations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2849-3991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:36:47Z","timestamp":1791416207000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stability of Homeopathic Stannum metallicum 30x against Pulsed Electromagnetic GHz Radiation: A Real-World Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1668-8474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Doesburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Integrative Medicine, University of Witten\/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany"},{"name":"Society for Cancer Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Processes, Arlesheim, Switzerland"},{"name":"Crystal Lab, Landgoed Roepaen, Ottersum, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Scherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Integrative Medicine, University of Witten\/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany"},{"name":"Society for Cancer Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Processes, Arlesheim, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens-Otto","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodynamic Research Association Denmark, Galten, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Tournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Integrative Medicine, University of Witten\/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Integrative Medicine, University of Witten\/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany"},{"name":"Society for Cancer Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Processes, Arlesheim, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-006-0088-5","article-title":"Pooled analysis of two case-control studies on use of cellular and cordless telephones and the risk for malignant brain tumours diagnosed in 1997-2003","volume":"79","author":"L Hardell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ 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