{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:17:43Z","timestamp":1782947863495,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Umfangsvermehrungen im ventralen Halsbereich des Hundes stellen diagnostisch eine Herausforderung dar, da Ursprung und Ursache nach Erhebung der Vorgeschichte und der klinischen Untersuchung oft unklar bleiben. Die Sonografie erweist sich als initiale bildgebende Methode der Wahl. Sie erm\u00f6glicht eine detaillierte Darstellung von Strukturen ohne Strahlenbelastung und meist ohne Narkose. Voraussetzung ist die korrekte Lagerung des Patienten in R\u00fcckenlage mit gestrecktem Kopf, Scheren sowie die Verwendung eines hochfrequenten Linearschallkopfes. Eine systematische Untersuchung anhand anatomischer Leitstrukturen \u2013 beginnend beim Kehlkopf \u00fcber Trachea, Speicheldr\u00fcsen und Lymphknoten bis hin zu Blutgef\u00e4\u00dfen \u2013 ist entscheidend f\u00fcr eine sichere Orientierung.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Kenntnis der normalen Sonoanatomie der Halsorgane ist Voraussetzung, um pathologische Ver\u00e4nderungen identifizieren zu k\u00f6nnen. Die Beurteilungskriterien bei Umfangsvermehrungen sind Lokalisation, Gr\u00f6\u00dfe, Ausdehnung, Abgrenzbarkeit, Echogenit\u00e4t, Echotextur und Durchblutung. So weisen beispielsweise anechogene L\u00e4sionen meist auf Fl\u00fcssigkeit hin, w\u00e4hrend hypoechogene, vergr\u00f6\u00dferte Lymphknoten entz\u00fcndlich oder neoplastisch ver\u00e4ndert sein k\u00f6nnen. Ein Abszess besteht typischerweise aus einer Kavit\u00e4t mit dicker Wand, Fremdk\u00f6rper sind gut erkennbar, wenn sie eine glatte, lineare, echoreiche, schallmindernde Oberfl\u00e4che aufweisen und von Fl\u00fcssigkeit umgeben sind. Schilddr\u00fcsentumore sind h\u00e4ufig gro\u00df, heterogen und teils mineralisiert; eine sichere Unterscheidung zwischen benignen und malignen Prozessen ist in der Regel nicht m\u00f6glich.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Sonografie ist die M\u00f6glichkeit ultraschallgest\u00fctzter Interventionen. Feinnadelaspiration oder Biopsie erlauben eine weiterf\u00fchrende zytologische bzw. histopathologische Diagnostik. Zudem k\u00f6nnen Fremdk\u00f6rper im Idealfall minimalinvasiv unter Ultraschallkontrolle entfernt werden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2854-5406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T22:30:31Z","timestamp":1782945031000},"page":"170-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Die Sonografie der ventralen zervikalen Weichteile des Hundes \u2013 eine untersch\u00e4tzte Untersuchungsmethode bei der Diagnostik von Umfangsvermehrungen"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Kleintiere, Universit\u00e4t Leipzig"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mobile Ultraschallpraxis Dr. Franziska M\u00fcller, Chemnitz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3736","article-title":"Soft-tissue masses and masslike conditions: what does CT add to diagnosis and management","volume":"194","author":"T K Subhawong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01653.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic examination of the pharynx and larynx of the normal dog","volume":"39","author":"J P Bray","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19884","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-94644-4","article-title":"Laryngeal an pleural ultrasound and acoustic force impulse elastography in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome","volume":"15","author":"A 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