{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T23:53:07Z","timestamp":1781567587879,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"CP","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endosc Int Open"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) causes iron-deficiency anemia and gastrointestinal bleeding, sometimes requiring frequent transfusions. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is effective for treating lesions, but newer methods like endoscopic band ligation (EBL) need to be explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conducted at a tertiary referral center in India, this single-blinded, prospective, parallel-group randomized study involved 60 patients assigned (1:1) to APC or EBL for endoscopic GAVE obliteration. The primary outcome was clinical success, defined as lesion obliteration and the number of endoscopic sessions required for lesion obliteration. Secondary outcomes included technical success, rebleeding episodes, GAVE recurrence, and hospitalization or transfusion needs. Registered as CTRI Reg. No. CTRI\/2023\/10\/058739.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>At 2- and 3-month follow-ups, endoscopic GAVE obliteration was higher in the EBL group (63.3% vs. 30%; P = 0.02 and 86.6% vs. 53.3%; P = 0.01), but similar at 1- and 6-month follow-ups. Rebleeding episodes were fewer in the EBL group during the initial 3 months (13.3% vs. 40%; P = 0.04) but comparable during the subsequent 3 months. Time to rebleeding (weeks) was significantly longer in the EBL group as compared with the APC group (11.6 vs 10.9; P = 0.0006). After 6 months, the EBL group had higher hemoglobin levels (P = 0.01) and required fewer transfusions (P = 0.0001). Survival time was comparable between the groups (P = 0.33).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Both EBL and APC effectively treated GAVE lesions and relieved symptoms. Although overall outcomes were similar, EBL required fewer sessions, had less and delayed rebleeding, reduced transfusion needs, and improved hemoglobin levels, indicating higher efficacy in deeper lesion obliteration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2868-4601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T23:02:41Z","timestamp":1781564561000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Endotherapeutic approach to gastric antral vascular ectasia: Argon plasma coagulation vs. endoscopic band ligation: Randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"ctri\/2023\/10\/058739","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trial-registry-india"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9559-3026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashok","family":"Jhajharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Rajasthan, India","place":["Jaipur"],"department":["Gastroenterology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashank","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Rajasthan, India","place":["Jaipur"],"department":["Gastroenterology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Rajasthan, India","place":["Jaipur"],"department":["Gastroenterology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prachis","family":"Ashdhir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Rajasthan, India","place":["Jaipur"],"department":["Gastroenterology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupesh K.","family":"Pokharna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Rajasthan, India","place":["Jaipur"],"department":["Gastroenterology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Sampurnanand Medical College, Rajasthan, India","place":["Jodhpur"],"department":["Community Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.6.866","article-title":"Portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) syndrome","volume":"49","author":"KW Burak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01617.x","article-title":"Review article: Current therapeutic options for gastric antral vascular ectasia","volume":"18","author":"S Sebastian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199210000-00019","article-title":"The clinical and endoscopic spectrum of the watermelon stomach","volume":"15","author":"CJ Gostout","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200411000-00013","article-title":"Prevalence and natural history of gastric antral vascular ectasia in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"38","author":"EM Ward","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-814112","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment outcomes in watermelon stomach patients with and without portal hypertension","volume":"36","author":"GS Dulai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X17747471","article-title":"Insights into the management of gastric antral vascular ectasia (watermelon stomach)","volume":"11","author":"WH Hsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-9668.160048","article-title":"Development of hyperplastic polyps following argon plasma coagulation of gastric antral vascular ectasia","volume":"6","author":"N Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Biol Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198710000-00002","article-title":"Gastric antral vascular ectasia. A histologic and morphometric study of watermelon stomach","volume":"11","author":"PF Suit","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E67","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1365525","article-title":"Gastric antral vascular ectasia: The evolution of therapeutic modalities","volume":"02","author":"H Naidu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-15722","article-title":"Treatment of watermelon stomach (GAVE syndrome) by means of endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC): long-term outcome","volume":"39","author":"A Probst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s43066-022-00173-4","article-title":"To coagulate, ligate, or both: a randomized study comparing the safety and efficacy of two endoscopic approaches for managing gastric antral vascular ectasia in cirrhotic patients","volume":"12","author":"M Abdo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt Liver J"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2009.10.027","article-title":"A lexicon for endoscopic adverse events: report of an ASGE workshop","volume":"71","author":"PB Cotton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"131","article-title":"Argon plasma coagulation: Clinical applications in gastroenterology","volume":"16","author":"J Robotis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2021.063","article-title":"Endoscopic band ligation versus argon plasma coagulation in the treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"54","author":"BS Hirsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640615619837","article-title":"Randomized controlled study of endoscopic band ligation and argon plasma coagulation in the treatment of gastric antral and fundal vascular ectasia","volume":"4","author":"M Elhendawy","year":"2016","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"666","article-title":"Efficacy of endoscopic band ligation versus argon plasma coagulation in gastric antral vascular ectasia management","volume":"39","author":"A Nassar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Benha Med J"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Endoscopic band ligation versus argon plasma coagulation in management of bleeding from gastric antral vascular ectasia in patients with portal hypertension","volume":"2","author":"MM Ghaffar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Sci Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1145","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1401-9880","article-title":"Endoscopic band ligation in the treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"TR McCarty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.07.015","article-title":"Gastric antral vascular ectasia in portal hypertensive children: Endoscopic band ligation versus argon plasma coagulation","volume":"54","author":"C Ghobrial","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12958","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia in real-life settings: Argon plasma coagulation or endoscopic band ligation?","volume":"22","author":"A F\u00e1bi\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dig Dis"}],"container-title":["Endoscopy International Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2868-4601.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T23:02:43Z","timestamp":1781564563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2868-4601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CP","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["a28684601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2868-4601","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2364-3722","2196-9736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2364-3722","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-9736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]}}}