{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:01:48Z","timestamp":1780099308571,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"CP","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endosc Int Open"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) are being increasingly diagnosed, and accurate endoscopic diagnosis is essential for determining appropriate treatment strategies. However, no standardized diagnostic method currently exists. We developed a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) classifier to distinguish between low-grade and high-grade neoplasia and evaluated its diagnostic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The training set of 85 SNADET cases (low-grade neoplasia, n = 41; high-grade neoplasia,\n        n = 44; white-light images, n = 317) from Yamaguchi University were used to train the AI\n        classifier. Validation was performed using a test set of 69 lesions (low-grade neoplasia, n\n        = 31; high-grade neoplasia, n =38; images, n = 229) from three institutions. Three expert\n        endoscopists also evaluated the test set using an endoscopic scoring system for\n        comparison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The AI classifier achieved 78.3% accuracy, 92.1% sensitivity, 61.3% specificity, 74.5% positive predictive value (PPV), 86.4% negative predictive value (NPV), and an F1 measure of 0.824. In contrast, endoscopist diagnosis yielded 58.0% accuracy, 50.0% sensitivity, 67.7% specificity, 65.5% PPV, 52.5% NPV, and an F1 measure of 0.567. Diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of the AI was significantly higher than that of the endoscopists (P &lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The AI classifier demonstrated higher sensitivity and overall diagnostic performance in comparison to endoscopists in differentiating high-grade neoplasia, suggesting its potential utility in guiding treatment decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2868-4714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:15:25Z","timestamp":1777936525000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Development and validation of an artificial intelligence classifier for histologic grading of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yamaguchi University, Japan","place":["Yamaguchi"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and 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University, Japan","place":["Yamaguchi"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan","place":["Ube"],"department":["Department of Laboratory Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saiseikai Shimonoseki General Hospital, Japan","place":["Yanai"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Kiyotoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shuto General Hospital, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan","place":["Yanai"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and 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of Technology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Hamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yamaguchi University Graduate School, Japan","place":["Ube"],"department":["Sciences and Technology for Innovation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taro","family":"Takami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yamaguchi University, Japan","place":["Yamaguchi"],"department":["Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900815)66:4<702::AID-CNCR2820660419>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Investigations on the significance of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the small bowel","volume":"66","author":"F 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