{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T23:06:07Z","timestamp":1783983967098,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Horm Metab Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We are seeing an exploding expansion of antisemitic attacks worldwide, raising\nconcerns about their potential impact on biological stress regulation and\nhealth. Antisemitism is a historically persistent and structurally embedded form\nof social exclusion that may contribute to chronic psychosocial stress exposure.\nBuilding on research into intergenerational trauma, including neuroendocrine\nalterations in Holocaust survivors and their descendants, this commentary\nintegrates psychometric, empirical, and conceptual approaches to propose a\nbiologically grounded framework linking antisemitism to endocrine and\ncardiometabolic processes. Preliminary findings from a pilot study using a\nChecklist of Antisemitic Perception instrument, in combination with established\npsychometric measures, indicate an increased psychological burden associated\nwith antisemitic experiences, with clinically relevant symptom levels observed\nacross groups. Mechanistically, chronic stress is mediated by neuroendocrine\npathways involving the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis, autonomic nervous\nsystem, and immune regulation, contributing to allostatic load and\ncardiometabolic risk. Emerging evidence suggests that stress responses are\nheterogeneous and influenced by individual coping styles, with distinct\nallostatic set-points and associated neurobiological adaptations, including\nalterations in striatal glutamatergic signaling. Institutional and discursive\ncontexts may further modulate exposure to antisemitic stressors, as reflected in\nheterogeneous professional engagement and variations in thematic emphasis within\nmedical discourse. Taken together, these observations support the\nconceptualization of antisemitism as a chronic stressor with potential\nbiological consequences and highlight the importance of integrating psychometric\nand biological approaches in future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2869-4941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:01:25Z","timestamp":1780095685000},"page":"280-285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antisemitism as a Chronic Cardiometabolic, Endocrine, and\nGlutamatergic Stressor Requiring Psychometric Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Ettrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike M. E.","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulm University Hospital, BW, Germany","place":["Ulm"],"department":["Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and\nPsychotherapy"]},{"name":"Center for Psychiatry Calw, Germany","place":["B\u00f6blingen"],"department":["Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Hardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Hospital\nMainz, RP, Germany","place":["Mainz"],"department":["Department of Medical Psychology and Sociology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Decker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, SN, Germany","place":["Leipzig"],"department":["Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology"]},{"name":"Leipzig University, SN, Germany","place":["Leipzig"],"department":["Else Frenkel Brunswick Institute"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan R.","family":"Bornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","place":["London"],"department":["Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine"]},{"name":"Universitatsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Germany","place":["Dresden"],"department":["Department of Medicine III"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Ullmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitatsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Germany","place":["Dresden"],"department":["Department of Medicine III"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Suicide: A study in sociology","author":"E Durkheim","year":"1951"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mitteilungen \u00fcber die in Oberschlesien herrschende typhus-epidemie","volume":"2","author":"R Virchow","year":"1848","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Gemessener Antisemitismus: Umfragen zu antisemitischen Einstellungen unter\nMuslim: Innen in Europa und den USA","author":"G Jikeli","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/000306518102900207","article-title":"The survivor syndrome: Further observations and dimensions","volume":"29","author":"W G Niederland","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Am Psychoanal Assoc"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.7.982","article-title":"Low urinary cortisol excretion in holocaust survivors with posttraumatic stress\ndisorder","volume":"152","author":"R Yehuda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.9.1163","article-title":"Vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder in adult offspring of holocaust\nsurvivors","volume":"155","author":"R Yehuda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.08.005","article-title":"Holocaust exposure induced intergenerational effects on FKBP5 methylation","volume":"80","author":"R Yehuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2018.1494151","article-title":"Inherited anxiety-related parent\u2013infant dyads alter LHPA activity","volume":"22","author":"E Ullmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3529","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3529","article-title":"Antisemitism on campus in the wake of October 7: Examining stress, coping, and\ndepressive symptoms among Jewish students","volume":"41","author":"T Morstead","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016059","article-title":"Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review","volume":"135","author":"E A Pascoe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1495","article-title":"The Lancet Commission on medicine,\nNazism, and the Holocaust. 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