{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:28:58Z","timestamp":1786494538018,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patient age influences diagnosis, operative planning, and recovery in facial fracture care. We aimed to delineate age-dependent patterns in fracture sites, injury mechanisms, and management across pediatric, working-age, and elderly cohorts at a regional trauma center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed 4,975 patients with computed tomography (CT)-confirmed facial fractures (2016\u20132021), stratified into &lt;20, 20\u201364, and \u226565 years. Fracture sites, mechanisms, and management (conservative, closed reduction, open reduction and internal fixation [ORIF]) were recorded. Group differences were tested using chi-square\/analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Holm adjustment. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of operative management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The cohort was predominantly male (\u223c3:1). Nasal fractures were most common (42.3%) but declined with age (60.1%, 41.7%, 31.5%, respectively). Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) and orbital fractures increased with age (ZMC: 10.3%, 20.7%, 30.8%, respectively; orbital: 14.2%, 25.6%, 28.1%, respectively). Mandibular fractures were more frequent in younger patients (11.6% vs. 5.7% in patients aged \u226565 years). In the elderly, falls (slip\/roll\/fall-down combined 52.6%) predominated, whereas assault and sports were proportionally higher in younger groups. Mechanism was strongly associated with fracture site (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Operative treatment was less frequent in the elderly, in whom conservative care predominated. In multivariable analysis, increasing age independently predicted lower odds of surgery (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas multiple fractures were the strongest predictor of operative intervention (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u20092.50, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Facial fracture patterns, mechanisms, and treatment differ by age. Findings support age-tailored prevention\u2014fall prevention for older adults and high-energy injury mitigation for younger cohorts\u2014and individualized strategies balancing functional priorities against systemic risk in the elderly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2870-8157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:52:58Z","timestamp":1784069578000},"page":"331-341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Facial Bone Fractures across Age Groups: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis of 4,975 Patients at a Regional Trauma Center in Gangwon Province, South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3009-5580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woosang","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Ganwon-do, Korea (the Republic of)","place":["Wonju-si"],"department":["Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1000-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minwoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Ganwon-do, Korea (the Republic of)","place":["Wonju-si"],"department":["Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sug Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Ganwon-do, Korea (the Republic of)","place":["Wonju-si"],"department":["Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Ganwon-do, Korea (the Republic 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Brucoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642034","article-title":"Facial fractures as a result of falls in the elderly: concomitant injuries and management strategies","volume":"12","author":"F C Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-018-0168-y","article-title":"Fracture patterns and causes in the craniofacial region: an 8-year review of 2076 patients","volume":"40","author":"K S Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005789","article-title":"Characterization of age-related injury patterns and surgical treatment of pediatric facial fractures: analysis of the National Trauma Data 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A single trauma center analysis","volume":"22","author":"A FC Cavalcanti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stomatologija"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2022.03.020","article-title":"Maxillofacial fractures in electric and conventional bicycle-related accidents","volume":"80","author":"P D van der Zaag","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318287d0b9","article-title":"Comparison of facial trauma in late middle age (55-64 years) and old age (older than 65 years)","volume":"24","author":"K Hwang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.09.040","article-title":"Fall-related facial trauma: a retrospective review of geriatric patients","volume":"79","author":"M L 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