{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:15:38Z","timestamp":1787595338998,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rofo"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate volumetric alterations of the basal ganglia and thalamus in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and to evaluate the relationships between regional brain volumes, motor symptom severity, and cognitive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>60 patients with PD (20 females, 40 males) and 51 age-matched healthy control participants (26 females, 25 males) were included. Patients with PD were classified according to initial motor phenotype (tremor-dominant vs. bradykinetic-rigid) and cognitive status based on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (21\u201326 indicating cognitive impairment; \u226527 indicating normal cognition). High-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted SPGR MRI data were analyzed using the VolBrain automated segmentation pipeline to obtain volumetric measurements of the putamen, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and thalamus. All volumetric measures were normalized to total intracranial volume (TIV). Associations between regional brain volumes and Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) sub-scores were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The mean age of the PD group was 61.2 \u00b1 11.2 years, compared with 60.4 \u00b1 12.0 years in the control group. Right (p = 0.001), left (p = 0.002), and total (p = 0.004) putamen volumes were significantly reduced in patients with PD relative to controls. No significant differences were observed in thalamic volumes between groups (p &gt; 0.05). Within the PD cohort, individuals with MMSE-defined cognitive impairment exhibited significantly smaller thalamic volumes than cognitively normal patients (right: p = 0.002; left: p = 0.001; total: p = 0.001). UPDRS-III scores showed significant negative correlations with putamen volumes (right: r = \u20130.42, p = 0.001; left: r = \u20130.43, p = 0.001; total: r = \u20130.42, p = 0.001), while UPDRS-I scores were negatively correlated with thalamic volumes (right: r = \u20130.31, p = 0.016; left: r = \u20130.29, p = 0.041; total: r = \u20130.30, p = 0.015).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Putamen volume reduction is associated with motor dysfunction in PD, whereas thalamic volumetric changes are more closely related to cognitive impairment. TIV-normalized automated MRI volumetry may provide complementary neuroimaging biomarkers for assessing disease severity and monitoring clinical progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2871-1475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:50:57Z","timestamp":1781563857000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Basal Ganglia and Thalamic Volumes as MRI Markers of Motor and Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1632-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fcseyin","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marmara Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, T\u00fcrkiye","place":["\u0130stanbul"],"department":["Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ba\u015fak","family":"Atalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0130stanbul Medeniyet \u00dcniversitesi Tip Fak\u00fcltesi, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye","place":["Kad\u0131k\u00f6y"],"department":["Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bet\u00fcl","family":"\u00d6zdilek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0130stanbul Medeniyet \u00dcniversitesi Tip Fak\u00fcltesi, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye","place":["Kad\u0131k\u00f6y"],"department":["Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9996","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3.","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"386","author":"LV Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.22360.","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: A review","volume":"323","author":"MJ 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