{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:50:25Z","timestamp":1782514225906,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rofo"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sarcoidosis is a multifactorial granulomatous disease that affects adults of all ages, primarily targeting the lungs. Symptoms can range from none at all to severe respiratory failure requiring lung transplantation. Diagnosis is made using three main criteria: compatible clinical or radiological findings, histological proof of non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in tissue, and ruling out other causes of granulomatous disease. Pulmonary fibrosis, advanced findings on high-resolution chest CT, decreased pulmonary function, and pulmonary hypertension are widely recognized as significant predictors of adverse clinical outcomes. A narrative, non-systematic review of important recent literature was carried out using computerized database searches, manual searches, and authoritative sources. This review examines the various patterns observed in high-resolution computerized tomography of the chest and their association with the severity and the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis. The patterns addressed include nodules, ground-glass opacities, consolidations, honeycombing, traction bronchiectasis, and cysts. Both historical and current methods of categorizing high-resolution CT interstitial findings will be reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2871-9924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:43:11Z","timestamp":1782513791000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spectrum of Interstitial Lung Disease in Sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4450-3349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakan","family":"Al-Qaqaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Einstein Medical Center, New York, United States","place":["New York"],"department":["Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew Samuel","family":"Lazarus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Einstein Medical Center, New York, United States","place":["New York"],"department":["Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2104-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arie","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Einstein Medical Center, New York, United States","place":["New York"],"department":["Radiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(74)90160-0","article-title":"Course and prognosis of sarcoidosis around the world","volume":"57","author":"LE Siltzbach","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12888-7","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"361","author":"RP Baughman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2015.08.004","article-title":"Chest Imaging","volume":"36","author":"RG Keijsers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.ats4-99","article-title":"ATS\/ERS\/WASOG Committee Statement on sarcoidosis","volume":"160","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"259","article-title":"Diagnosis approach to sarcoidosis","volume":"10","author":"U Costabel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir Monograph"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202002-0251ST","article-title":"Diagnosis and Detection of Sarcoidosis. 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