{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:26:43Z","timestamp":1786750003837,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is uncertainty about whether COVID-19 is a risk factor for hearing loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the audiometric profile of patients post-COVID-19 infection and compare it to unaffected individuals, clarifying the correlation between COVID-19 and hearing loss. Additionally, we sought correlations between reported otorhinolaryngological symptoms during COVID-19 and changes in tonal thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional study compared the pure-tone thresholds of 120 individuals with a confirmed history of COVID-19 and 120 unexposed controls, evaluated between 2021 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The median tonal thresholds of exposed individuals were predominantly higher than those of unexposed individuals in both ears. The rate of hearing threshold alteration was 28.3% in exposed individuals versus 15% in unexposed individuals, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.24 (95% CI: 1.18\u20134.25). Comparison of thresholds between the right and left ears of each exposed individual demonstrated asymmetric hearing impairment. The distribution of otorhinolaryngological symptoms included: nasal symptoms 67.5%; cough 65.8%; loss of smell 60%; loss of taste 56.7%; sore throat 47.5%; dizziness 30.8%; hoarseness 21.7%; tinnitus 19.2%; earache 18.3%; hearing loss 18.3%; and facial paralysis 0.8%. The association between reported symptoms and changes in pure-tone thresholds was statistically significant only for hearing loss (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; OR\u2009=\u20098.9) and tinnitus (p\u2009=\u20090.005; OR\u2009=\u20093.7).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals exposed to COVID-19 showed worse tonal thresholds and a higher rate of hearing changes compared with non-exposed individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2873-4569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T22:30:46Z","timestamp":1786746646000},"page":"001-006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Audiometric Profile in Post-COVID-19 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6818-4452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias Antonialli","family":"Castoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando de Andrade Quintanilha","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00459-7","article-title":"Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19","volume":"19","author":"B Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30260-9","article-title":"Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study","volume":"395","author":"J T Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.01.009","article-title":"The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health - The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China","volume":"91","author":"D S Hui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-020-09944-5","article-title":"The natural history, pathobiology, and clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infections","volume":"15","author":"J Machhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02040-3","article-title":"Effect of COVID-19 in otorhinolaryngology practice: a review","volume":"74","author":"K Grag","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05968-y","article-title":"COVID-19 in otolaryngologist practice: a review of current knowledge","volume":"277","author":"J Krajewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102483","article-title":"Audiological profile of asymptomatic Covid-19 PCR-positive cases","volume":"41","author":"M WM Mustafa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883749","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.883749","article-title":"COVID-19 and sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"X Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2021.63","article-title":"Hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Z Jafari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2023.2204909","article-title":"Prevalence of hearing loss in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"143","author":"M Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-07982-2","article-title":"Hearing loss and COVID-19: an umbrella review","volume":"280","author":"E Mehraeen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123139","article-title":"Sudden sensorineural hearing loss in the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"A Frosolini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.57","article-title":"Otologic and vestibular symptoms in COVID-19: A scoping review","volume":"8","author":"K MC Ong","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref16","first-page":"206","article-title":"Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019: a prospective review of 600 patients","volume":"135","author":"S Bhatta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Laryngol Rhinol Otol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2007000300015","article-title":"Por que os homens buscam menos os servi\u00e7os de sa\u00fade do que as mulheres? As explica\u00e7\u00f5es de homens com baixa escolaridade e homens com ensino superior","volume":"23","author":"R Gomes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2020.06.003","article-title":"ENT manifestation in COVID-19 patients","volume":"47","author":"M W El-Anwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.498","article-title":"Otologic dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"S Maharaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2873-4569.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T22:31:09Z","timestamp":1786746669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2873-4569"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["a28734569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2873-4569","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1809-9777","1809-4864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1809-9777","type":"print"},{"value":"1809-4864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}